Week 2 Drugs Affecting the Immune System

Question 1

signs of infection

Answer 1

Fever
Lethargy
Slow-wave sleep induction
Classic signs of inflammation (redness, swelling, heat, and pain)

Question 2

2 types of antimicrobial

Answer 2

bacteriocidal

bacteriostatic

Question 3

Bacteriocidal:

Answer 3

Kill the organism. Essential if host lacks immune defense mechanisms

Question 4

Bacteriostatic:

Answer 4

Temporarily stops growth of organism

Question 5

how to prevent drug resistance

Answer 5

Prevent infection: Immunize 
No catheters
Use specific drugs for known organism
Consult Infectious Disease Experts
Practice Asepsis
Know local information

Question 6

treatment to prevent an infection before it occurs

Answer 6

prophylaxis

Question 7

what are the adverse effects of almost all antibiotics

Answer 7

nausea
vomiting
diarrhea

Question 8

Aminoglycosides drug group

Answer 8

A group of powerful antibiotics used to treat serious infections caused by gram-negative aerobic bacilli

Question 9

adverse effects of Aminoglycosides

Answer 9

Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

+ NVD

Question 10

Carbapenems drug class

Answer 10

Relatively new class of broad spectrums effective against gram positive and gram negative bacteria.

Question 11

adverse effects of Carbapenems

Answer 11

NVD and C diff

Question 12

how penicillin can be given

Answer 12

IV or PO

Question 13

adverse effects of Cephalosporins

Answer 13

NVD

Question 14

where does the class of tetracyclines get its name?

Answer 14

it is composed of four rings

Question 15

how do sulfonamides suppress bacterial growth?

Answer 15

by inhibiting folic acid

Question 16

the Fluoroquinolones names in end

Answer 16

-floxacin

Question 17

what antibiotics can pregnant women receive?

Answer 17

Keflex, pcn and zpak

Question 18

patients on isoniazids should avoid which foods?

Answer 18

tyramine-rich food

wine, bananas, hamburgers

Question 19

Adverse effects of Rifampin

Answer 19

Hepatitis
Discoloration of body fluids (urine, saliva, sweat and tears)
C diff (report diarrhea

Question 20

2 major groups of antifungal agents

Answer 20

Systemic mycotic infections

Superficial mycotic infections

Question 21

which patients are susceptible to fungal infections

Answer 21

AIDS patients
immunosupressant patients
transplant patients
old people

Question 22

Amphotericin

Answer 22

broad spectrum fungal agents

Question 23

what is Terbinafine used for

Answer 23

the treatment of fungal infection of the toenail or fingernail

Question 24

What is selective toxicity?

Answer 24

Use of an antimicrobial to kill or control microbes without destroying host cells

Question 25

The spectrum of activity of an anti-infective indicates ...

Answer 25

the anti-infective's effectiveness against different invading organisms

Question 26

what does sensitivity testing show?

Answer 26

drugs that are capable of controlling that particular microorganism

Question 27

where are gram-negative bacteria mostly found?

Answer 27

are mostly found in the GI and the GU tracts

Question 28

What are Sulfonamides used for?

Answer 28

-broad spectrum infections Used to treat Urinary Tract Infections and Pneumocystis pneumonia

Question 29

how should you take sulfonamides?

Answer 29

Take on empty stomach with full glass of water | Increase fluid intake to at least 2-3 L/day, unless contraindicated by the physical condition of the patient.

Question 30

what are possible concerns with taking sulfonamides?

Answer 30

- Monitor immuno-compromised patients - do not go in sun - can cause hyperkalemia - monitor drug interactions

Question 31

Peak levels

Answer 31

need to be drawn when the drug is at its highest concentration – 1hr

Question 32

Trough levels

Answer 32

drawn immediately before the next dose and is the lowest concentration

Question 33

why has tetracycline use declined?

Answer 33

resistance

Question 34

why are tetracyclines used?

Answer 34

- broad spectrum antibiotics

Question 35

who should tetracyclins not be given to?

Answer 35

Women who are pregnant or breast-feeding | Children under the age of 8

Question 36

adverse effects of tetracyclins

Answer 36

Skeletal retardation in infants Tooth discoloration Blood dyscrasias suprainfection

Question 37

what is the difference in the generations of Cephalosporins?

Answer 37

each group has its own spectrum of activity

Question 38

what are cephalosporins

Answer 38

They are a large group of antibiotics, similar to penicillin, that are effective against a wide range of bacteria

Question 39

what type of drug is acyclovir

Answer 39

antiviral

Question 40

when may macrolides be used?

Answer 40

Used for prophylaxis in dental procedures with valvular heart disease

Question 41

drugs classes as Macrolides

Answer 41

End in - Thromycin

Question 42

With what drug categories are we concerned about cross sensitivity?

Answer 42

sulfonamides and thiazide diuretics

Question 43

what are Fluoroquinolones used to treat?

Answer 43

Treating urinary track, respiratory track, and skin infections

Question 44

adverse effects of Fluoroquinolones

Answer 44

Headache, dizziness, GI upset, ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE

Question 45

what does TB treatment include?

Answer 45

at least two drugs because multidrug-resistant TB has developed.