Types of bones Flashcards
Memorise the structure of the bone, types of bones and where the bones are located (23 cards)
What are the two types of bones?
- Compact bone
- Spongy or Cancellous bone
What is compact bone?
Makes up the outside layer of bones and is very dense.
What does compact bone look like under a microscope?
It is riddled with canals and passageways that house blood and lymphatic vessels, and nerves.
What is spongy bone?
The inside of short bones and the end of long bones are filled with spongy bone and bone marrow. It is compact and has holes created by osteoclasts.
What do the canals do?
Supply nutrients to osteocytes via blood vessels flowing through channels in the bone.
What is the Volkman’s canal?
They pass horizontally through the bones and connect to vertical Haversian canals.
What is the Haversian canal?
They run vertically to the direction of force or stress of the bone.
What are the two types of bone marrow?
Red and yellow, BOTH types of bone marrow contain numerous blood vessels and capillaries.
What is red bone marrow?
- It produces red blood cells, most white blood cells and platelets
- This is the only type of bone marrow you have at birth
- In an adult, it makes up about 50% of bone marrow
Where is red bone marrow found?
Flat bones and in cancellous material of long bones.
What is yellow bone marrow?
- It produces white blood cells
- It can convert to red marrow after severe blood loss
- Contains a large number of fat cells
Where is yellow bone marrow found?
It is located in the central cavity of long bones
What are the five types of bones?
- Long bones
- Short bones
- Flat bones
- Sesamoid bones
- Irregular bones
What are long bones?
- Longer than they are wide
- Have growth plates at either end
- Both ends are covered in hyaline cartilage
Where are long bones found?
- Humerus
- Femur
- Clavicle
What are short bones?
- Just as long as they are wide
- Have no longitudinal bone growth plates
- Thin out surface of compact boine with spongy bone on the inside
Where are short bones found?
- Patella
- Tarsus
- Carpus
What are flat bones?
- Thin bone and not round in comparison to the other bones
- No longitudinal bone growth
- Thin outer layer of compact bone with spongy bone on the inside
Where are flat bones found?
- Scapula
- Sternum
- Ribs
- Crainium
What are sesamoid bones?
- Short, irregular bone
- Has no longitudinal growth
Where are sesamoid bones found?
- Located between two tendons
- In patella or knee bone
What are irregular bones?
- Cannot be categorised
- Thin layers of compact bone with spongy bone on the inside
Where are irregular bones found?
- Vertebrae
- Hyoid bone (tongue attachment)
