U world sticks and stones

Question 1

ethylene glycol ingestion

Answer 1

Calcium oxalate crystals
anion gap acidosis
flank pain, tetany

Question 2

ethylene glycol poisoning rx

Answer 2

fomepizole
or
ethanol

Question 3

wells criteria

Answer 3

PE eval 
DVT
HR > 100
recent immobilization 
hemoptysis 
cancer

Question 4

Resp Alk and calcium

Answer 4

resp alk–> ↓ Ca via ↑ albumin binding

Question 5

Type 4 RTA

Answer 5

non-anion gap acidosis
hyperkalemia
renal insufficiency

Question 6

sildenafil does not play well with?

Answer 6

alpha blocker

nitrates

Question 7

Cor pulmonale

Answer 7

↓RV fxn from ↑ pulm htn –> RV failure

Question 8

labs in DIC

Answer 8

↑ PT and PTT
schistocytes
thrombocytopenia
↓ Fibrinogen

Question 9

This should be suspected in pts with hard to correct hypokalemia

Answer 9

hypomagnesmia

common in alcoholics

Question 10

What test would you never do to evaluate a foreign body

Answer 10

MRI

in case foreign body is magnetic

Question 11

Manifestations of hairy b cell leukemia

Answer 11

pancytopenia (marrow fibrosis)
splenomegaly
“hairy” lymph cells

pts > 50 yo

Question 12

Smudge cells

Answer 12

may indicate CLL

pts usually have leukocytosis, b symptoms, and LAD

Question 13

Hodgkin s/s

Answer 13

painless large lymph node

mediastinal mass

Question 14

Myelodysplastic syndrome

Answer 14

are a group of cancers in which immature blood cells in the bone marrow do not mature and become healthy blood cells. Early on there are typically no symptoms. Later symptoms may include feeling tired, shortness of breath, easy bleeding, or frequent infections. Some types may develop into acute myeloid leukemia

Question 15

Echinococcus granulosus

Answer 15

dogs are the host
cystic hepatic lesion w/ eggshell calcifications
rx: surgical excision

Question 16

hepatojugular reflex

Answer 16

apply pressure to upper abdomen
+= sustained JVP > 3cm
indicates RV cannot accommodated ↑ venous return–> cardiac failure (vs hepatic)

Question 17

solitary pulm nodule

Answer 17

round
< 3 cm
surrounded by lung
no LAD

Question 18

what to do about solitary pulm nodule

Answer 18

↑ Malig risk (> 60 yo, smoker)= surgical excision

Meh risk= serial CT (5-7 mm)

↓ risk= no follow up (4 mm)

Question 19

unilateral varicocele that does not empty when laying down

Answer 19

suspicious for Renal cell carcinoma

Question 20

Sensitive indicator for hypovolemia / dehydration

Answer 20

↓ urine sodium

Question 21

Stuck on skin lesion

Answer 21

seborrheic keratosis

Question 22

scaly oily red rash on nose, eyebrows, ears, and scalp

Answer 22

seborrheic dermatitis

Question 23

Initial management of frostbite

Answer 23

rapid rewarming with warm water

Question 24

Actinic keratosis

Answer 24

scaly papule/ plaques
chronic sun= risk factor
can progress to SCC

Question 25

Unstable pt in torsades. Rx?

Answer 25

immediate defibrillation

Question 26

Stable pt in torsades. Rx?

Answer 26

IV mag

Question 27

What causes HIT

Answer 27

conformational change in plt --> autoantibody vs plt--> thrombocytopenia

Question 28

Acute limb ischemia after MI

Answer 28

``` LV thrombus (usually ↓ EF) rx: immediate anti-coag do an echo to confirm ```

Question 29

Metabolic alkolosis classification

Answer 29

saline responsive- ↓ ua cl/ volume contraction saline unresponsive- ua cl > 20

Question 30

causes of metabolic alkolosis

Answer 30

saline- vomiting / diuretics ``` no saline- hyperaldosteronism cushing gitelman bartter ```

Question 31

Diagnostic criteria for Acute liver failure

Answer 31

ALT, AST > 1000 hepatic encephalopathy INR > 1.5

Question 32

Most common type of kidney stone

Answer 32

calcium oxalate

Question 33

primary hyperparathyroidism kidney stones

Answer 33

calcium phosphate Aso in RTA

Question 34

Hypothyroid myopathy

Answer 34

myalgias proximal muscle weakness ↑ creatinine kinase

Question 35

amiloride is?

Answer 35

K sparing diuretic