U1:KA1 - The structure of DNA

Question 1

What is DNA made up of?

Answer 1

Nucleotides

Question 2

What are nucleotides made up of?

Answer 2

Phosphate, deoxyribose sugar and a base

Question 3

What holds the bases together?

Answer 3

Hydrogen bond

Question 4

What holds the nucleotides together?

Answer 4

Sugar phosphate backbone

Question 5

DNA is anti-parallel, what does this mean?

Answer 5

This means that the strands run in opposite directions to each other

Question 6

What is at the 5’ end?

Answer 6

The phosphate

Question 7

What is at the 3’ end?

Answer 7

The deoxyribose sugar

Question 8

What does the base sequence of DNA form?

Answer 8

The base sequence of DNA forms the genetic code

Question 9

What is DNA coiled round?

Answer 9

Proteins called histones

Question 10

What is the role of histones?

Answer 10

They allow DNA to fit into the nucleus of the cell

Question 11

What does a prokaryote lack?

Answer 11

A true membrane bound nucleus

Question 12

What is an example of a prokaryote?

Answer 12

Bacteria

Question 13

Where is prokaryotes DNA found?

Answer 13

In the cytoplasm of the cell

Question 14

What kind of chromosomes do prokaryotes have?

Answer 14

Large circular chromosomes

Question 15

What do eukaryotes have?

Answer 15

A membrane bound nucleus which stores their genetic material

Question 16

What cells are classed as eukaryotes?

Answer 16

Animal, plant and fungal cells

Question 17

Where is DNA found in eukaryotes?

Answer 17

Tightly coiled into linear chromosomes

Question 18

What else’s can be found in eukaryotes?

Answer 18

Small circles of chromosomes DNA can also be found in the mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 19

What cells do not contain plasmids?

Answer 19

Animal and plant cells