U2:K1 - Metabolic pathways Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What are metabolic pathways?

A

Integrated and controlled pathways of enzyme-catalysed biochemical reactions within a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a catabolic pathway?

A

The breakdown of complex molecules to simpler ones, this releases energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an anabolic pathway?

A

The build up of simple molecules into complex molecules, this requires energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are reversible steps?

A

Steps that allow for alternative routes if there is an excess of substrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are irreversible steps?

A

Steps that are a key regulatory point in the pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are alternative routes?

A

Routes that allow steps in the pathway to be bypassed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are plasma membranes of a cell?

A

The boundary that separates the internal contents from its external surroundings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does a plasma membrane do?

A

Regulates the flow of materials into and out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are embedded in the membranes?

A

Protein pores, pumps and enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The net movement of molecules or ions from a region of high concentration to low concentration down a concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is active transport?

A

The movement of molecules across the cell membrane from a low to high concentration, against a concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does active transport require the presence of?

A

Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do enzymes lower the activation energy?

A

By forming an enzyme substrate complex that accelerates the rate of reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the substrate have a high affinity for?

A

The active site of the enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is induced fit?

A

The active sites flexible structure which changes when the substrate binds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do enzymes require to function efficiently?

A

Suitable temperature, appropriate pH, adequate supply of substrate

17
Q

What is an inhibitor?

A

A substance which decreases the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction

18
Q

What can inhibitors do?

A

Compete for enzyme active sites, change the shape on an active site and inhibit pathways by feedback inhibition

19
Q

What do competitive inhibitors do?

A

Bind with the enzymes active site preventing a substrate from binding

20
Q

What do non-competitive inhibitors do?

A

Bind with the allosteric site causing a reaction to occur which results in the active site changing shape so the substrate can no longer bind

21
Q

What happens in feedback inhibition?

A

The end product binds to enzyme one in metabolic pathways, blocking the pathway, this prevents further synthesis of the end product