U3 AOS2 - DP4: Atkinson & Shiffrin Multi-Store Model of Memory

Question 1

Sensory memory

Answer 1

entry point for new information, where information is in its original sensory form meaning it hasn’t been encoded and it stores all sensory information for a brief time

Question 2

Sensory information duration & capacity

Answer 2

duration: 0.2 - 4 seconds
capacity: unlimited

Question 3

Iconic memory

Answer 3

visual memory.
0.33 of a second which is long enough for the identification of a stimulus and has an unlimited capacity

Question 4

Echoic memory

Answer 4

auditory memory.
stores sound for 3-4 seconds. It has to be longer than iconic memory since for example you need to be able to remember the start and end of a sentence

Question 5

Short-term memory (STM)

Answer 5

a memory store that has limited capacity of short duration, unless the information is renewed

Question 6

STM duration & capacity

Answer 6

duration: 12-30 seconds
capacity: 7 ± 2 pieces of information

Question 7

Improving STM capacity

Answer 7

chunking

Question 8

Chunking

Answer 8

the grouping or packing of bits of information into longer bits or units that can be remembered as single units

Question 9

Improving STM duration

Answer 9

Maintenance and elaborative rehearsal

Question 10

Rehearsal

Answer 10

the process of doing something so that information can be retained in memory then retrieved

Question 11

Maintenance rehearsal

Answer 11

involves simple, rote repetition of information being remembered so it can be retained.

Question 12

Elaborative rehearsal

Answer 12

attaching meaning to what is being remembered

Question 13

Not encoded into LTM

Answer 13

decay and displacement

Question 14

Decay

Answer 14

the fading away of information in STM when not maintained by rehearsal

Question 15

Displacement

Answer 15

adding new single terms to STM by pushing out old items

Question 16

Long-term memory (LTM)

Answer 16

Information is encoded and stored and as long as you have correct cues, information can be retrieved.

Question 17

LTM duration & capacity

Answer 17

Duration and capacity: unlimited

Question 18

Encoding

Answer 18

changing memory into a storable form

Question 19

Storage

Answer 19

storing memories in different regions of the brain

Question 20

Retrieval

Answer 20

locating and returning memory into STM, here it can be changed, added to and restored

Question 21

Atkinson & Shiffrin Multi-store model of memory

Answer 21

refers to the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information across three different stores/components of memory; sensory memory, STM and LTM