U6: Motivation Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is Motivation?
Motivation is the factors influencing the way people behave
What are the Motivational Factors?
Financial incentives
Non-financial incentives
Individual character
Desire to achieve a goal
What will motivated employees will be?
Motivated employees will be engaged employees
What are Engaged Employees?
Engaged employees are those who are fully committed to their role and strive to help the business achieve its objectives
What are the Benefits of Motivated and Engaged Employees?
- Higher labour productivity
- Lower labour turnover
- Higher retention rates
- Lower unit costs
- Lower absenteeism
- Reduced presentism
- Improved customer service
- Better workplace relations
What are the Theories of Motivation?
Theories of motivation include:
Taylor’s scientific management
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Herzberg’s two factor theory
What is Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856 - 1915) seen as?
American Taylor is seen as the father of ‘Scientific Management’.
Information about Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856 - 1915)
• Taylor believed that workers were not capable of understanding their tasks and should follow strict rules on how to produce products
- All tasks should be studied scientifically using a study of time and motion
- The most efficient way of carrying out a task will hence be identified
- Each employee can then be trained and instructed in exactly how to do a job in the most efficient manner
- Workers should be closely supervised
• He coined the term economic man believing money is the key to motivation
• His ideas are linked to piece rate, the division of labour and mass production
• He is criticised for making jobs tedious
What does Maslow belong to?
American Maslow belongs to the Neo-Human relations school of management. He is well known for his hierarchy of needs.
Information about Abraham Harold Maslow (1908 - 1970)
• Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is based on seeing human needs as being the nex in order, each need must be fulfilled before one could move on to
• Employees can be motivated by being presented with the opportunity to achieve the next level
• HIGHER ORDER NEEDS
self actualisation: morality, creativity, spontaneity, acceptance. experience purpose, meaning and inner potential.
self esteem needs: confidence, achievements, respect of others, connections, need for individuality.
LOWER ORDER NEEDS
love and belongingness needs: friendship, family, intimacy, connections
safety and security needs: health, employment, property, family, stability
physiological needs: air, food, water, shelter, clothing, sleep
What did Herzberg introduce?
American Herzberg introduced the notion of job enrichment. In 1959 he proposed the ‘Two factor theory’ of job satisfaction.
Information about Frederick Irving
Herzberg (1923 - 2000)
• Job satisfaction is a key factor leading to motivation
• Job satisfaction could be influenced both positively and negatively
• Motivating Factors:
- if present, lead to job satisfaction and hence motivation
- achievement, recognition, work, responsibility, promotion and growth
• Hygiene Factors:
- if present do not lead to motivation but if absent lead to dissatisfaction
- pay and benefits, company policy, workplace relationships, work conditions, status and job security
What are Financial Motivators?
Financial motivators are the variety of methods that have a money value and are used to reward the workforce and influence their behaviours at work
What are Non- Financial Motivators?
Non-financial motivators are the methods of motivating employees through elements of job design
What are Financial Methods of Motivation?
Financial methods of motivation include:
• Piece rate is when payment is based on the number of items (pieces) produced by an employee
• Commission is when payment is based on the number of units sold
• Salary schemes are when employees are paid a set annual sum paid in equal instalments even if working hours vary on a monthly basis e.g. a manager may work longer hours at busy times in return for no additional pay
• Performance related pay (PRP) is when employees receive a bonus based on the performance of the employee measured against a pre agreed range of criteria
What are Non- Financial Methods of Motivation?
• Improving job design
- Job enrichment
- Job enlargement
- Job rotation
•Empowering employees involves delegating responsibility to employees, allowing them to use their abilities and to have a greater say in the decision-making process of the company
•Team working is where employees are organised into groups and work together in order to meet set objectives
What are the Factors that Influence the Choice of Methods of Motivation?
Factors that influence the choice of methods of motivation include:
• The characteristics of the workforce
- Skills
- Attitudes
- Training levels
• The management and leadership styles
- Attitudes of managers
- Manager’s own incentives
• Business objectives
- Costs involved in different techniques
- Brand image
