Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology I > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Information that can be independently verified by a trained person

A

Scientific fact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Generalization about the predictable way matter and energy behave; results from inductive reasoning and repeated observations

A

Law of nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

An explanatory statement or set of statements derived from facts, laws, and confirmed hypotheses

A

Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Change in genetic composition of a population of organisms

A

Evolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the closest relative to humans? What is the % of DNA difference?

A

Chimpanzees; 1.6%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 9 characteristics of living organisms?

A 
Responsiveness
Adaptability
Growth and development
Reproduction
Movement and locomotion
Respiration
Circulation
Digestion 
Excretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Refers to the ability of an organism to detect changes either within itself or the environment surrounding it and then react to these changes

A

Responsiveness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Changes the organism’s behavior, capabilities, or structure; required for survival in a constantly changing world.

A

Adaptability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Inherited patterns for increase in size (without important changes to its general shape) and changes in structure and function that produce the characteristics of the organism’s species

A

Growth and development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The process of making the next generation of the organism. It also discusses the process whereby cells can produce others like themselves to take the place of damaged or destroyed cells

A

Reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The ability to self-initiate position changes of either the entire organism or a part of the organism, externally from place to place and/or internally, such as in peristalsis.

A

Movement and locomotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The process of obtaining oxygen, using the obtained oxygen in release of energy from foods, and removing waste gases that are produced in the process; usually refers to O2 absorption required for chemical processes that release energy in a usable form) and CO2 release (as a waste product).

A

Respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Movement of fluid within the organism; may involve a pump and a network of special vessels; provides an internal distribution network

A

Circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The chemical change of ingested foods into simpler substances that can be absorbed and used by the organism. Chemicals released can be used to generate energy or support growth.

A

Digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The elimination of chemical waste products generated by the organism; waste products are often toxic, removal is essential.

A

Excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The totality of chemical changes that occur within the body parts

A

Metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 5 requirements of organisms?

A 
Water
Food
Oxygen
Heat
Pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the most abundant substance in the body?

A

Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How much atmospheric air does oxygen make up?

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A form of energy that is a product of metabolic reactions

A

Heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The amount of heat present at any given time

A

Temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

State in which force is applied to something

A

Pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Substances that provide the body with necessary chemicals to sustain life, in addition to water

A

Food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The body’s ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it, and thereby maintain relatively stable internal conditions

A

Homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What happens if there is a loss of homeostasis?

A

Illness or death

26
Q

What is gross anatomy?

A 
Surface
Regional
Systemic
Developmental
Clinical
27
Q

What is microscopic anatomy?

A

Cytology

Histology

28
Q

Name 4 types of physiology

A

Cell physiology
Special physiology
Systemic physiology
Pathological physiology

29
Q

Name 3 homeostatic regulatory mechanisms

A

Receptors
Control (integrating) centers
Effectors

30
Q

What do receptors do?

A

Senses change in body

31
Q

What do control (integrating) sensors do?

A

Processes sensory information; ‘makes a decision’, and directs the response

32
Q

What do effectors do?

A

Carries out the final corrective action to restore homeostasis

33
Q

Response of effector opposes original stimulus

A

Negative feedback

34
Q

Response of effector adds to original stimulus, speeding it up

A

Positive feedback

35
Q

What is anatomy?

A

Form or structure

36
Q

What is physiology?

A

Function

37
Q

How does a biological structure’s form (anatomy) determine its function (physiology) or vice versa?

A

Structure is always related to function because the structure determines the function, which in turn determines how the body/organ is structured – the two are interdependent.

38
Q

8 levels of anatomical organization

A 
Atoms
Molecules
Cells
Organelles
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Organism
39
Q

The smallest stable unit of matter; they combine to form molecules

A

Atoms

40
Q

Composed of atoms; the building blocks to all structures in the human body

A

Molecules

41
Q

Composed of many different molecules; smallest independent living thing in the human body

A

Cells

42
Q

Tiny organ-like structures enclosed by a jelly-like cellular fluid in a cell membrane

A

Organelles

43
Q

A group of cells that work together to perform one or more specific function

A

Tissues

44
Q

2 or more tissues that work together to perform several functions

A

Organs

45
Q

Organs that interact together to form an organ system

A

Organ systems

46
Q

All of the organ systems combined form an organism

A

Organism

47
Q

What are the viscera?

A

The internal organs of the body, specifically those within the chest (heart, lungs) or abdomen (liver, pancreas, intestines)

48
Q

Where are the mediastinum?

A

In the thoracic cavity, between the right lung and left lung

49
Q

How does a parietal membrane differ from a visceral membrane?

A

The parietal layers of the membranes line the walls of the body cavity. The visceral layer of the membrane covers the organs (the viscera).

50
Q

11 major organ systems

A 
Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive
51
Q

What does the integumentary system do?

A

Protects against environmental hazards; helps control body temperature

52
Q

What does the skeletal system do?

A

Provides support, protects tissues, stores minerals, forms blood cells

53
Q

What does the muscular system do?

A

Produces movement, provides support, generates heat

54
Q

What does the nervous system do?

A

Directs immediate responses to stimuli, usually by coordinating the activities of other organ systems

55
Q

What does the endocrine system do?

A

Directs long-term changes in other organ systems

56
Q

What does the cardiovascular system do?

A

Transports cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes, and gases

57
Q

What does the lymphatic system do?

A

Defends against infection and diseases; returns tissue fluid to the bloodstream

58
Q

What does the respiratory system do?

A

Delivers air to sites where gas exchange occurs between the air and circulating blood; produces sound

59
Q

What does the digestive system do?

A

Processes food and absorbs nutrients

60
Q

What does the urinary system do?

A

Eliminates excess water, salts, and wastes

61
Q

What does the reproductive system do?

A

Produces sex cells and hormones; supports embryonic development from fertilization to birth

Anatomy and Physiology I (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions