Unit 1 Flashcards
(42 cards)
Convergent
Collide
Divergent
Divide (rift valleys)
Transform
Slide (earthquakes)
Where are destructive boundaries and what happens there
An oceanic plate collides with a continental one, and the denser oceanic plate is forced beneath the continental plate. melting under the pressure, and fold mountains are formed
What happens at constructive (divergent) plate boundaries
The sea floor spreads and a new crust is formed, and often volcanic islands are created
Explain convection currents
- The earth’s core heats up magma
- The heated magma rises
- The magma reaches the surface, cools, and sinks
- The heated magma rises
List features of constructive plate margins
- New crust
- Ocean ridges
- Submarine volcanoes and volcanic islands
- Rift valleys
List the features of destructive plate margins
- Ocean trenches
- Fold mountains
- Explosive volcanoes
Give an example of:
- Ocean trench
- Fold mountains
- Explosive volcano
- New crust
- Ocean ridge
- Submarine volcano
- Rift valley
- Mariana trench
- Andes Mountains
- Mount Merapi
- Mid Atlantic
- Mid Atlantic Ridge
- Surtsey Iceland
- Thingvellir Iceland
What are the two types of crust and which is thicker
Oceanic and continental, continental is thicker
What are the crust and upper mantel known as
The lithosphere
Which bit of the mantle has convection currents
Lower mantle
What’s the core made of
Iron and nickel
What are the craters in supervolcanos called
Calderas
What are lahars
A mixture of mud and water (origninally ice), and dust and ash
What is a pyroclastic flow
A cloud of ash and dust that descends a slope at 1000 degrees
What are the different types of volcanoes
Shield volcanoes and composite volcanoes
Give an example of a composite volcano and a shield volcano
Shield - Mauna Loa, Hawaii
Composite - Mount Saint Helens
What is the difference between focus and epicentre
Focus - the point below the ground where the earthquake starts
Epicentre - The point on the surface above the focus
What are the hazards of earthquakes
Shakes, tsunamis, landslide, liquefaction
What tectonic related disaster happened on everest
An avalanche (18 dead, 60 injured)
Give a couple of statistics about the Japan tsunami
- It happened in March 2011
- 9.1 on Richter Scale
- over 15,000 dead
How can we detect earthquakes
- Detecting radon gas
- Laser beans detect movements in plates
- Seismographs pick up vibrations
What’s the alternative to the richter scale
The Mercalli scale
