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Geography > Unit 2 But Short > Flashcards

Unit 2 But Short Flashcards

1
Q

Term for long term global warming and global cooling

A

Interglacial periods and glacial periods

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2
Q

The term for earth’s irregular orbit

A

Mikanovitch cycle

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3
Q

Name for a high pressure system

A

An anticyclone

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4
Q

Main effect of high pressure systems and how they are represented by isobars

A

No clouds are formed: high pressure systems have spaced out isobars and this means that there is slow change in weather

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5
Q

Why do higher altitudes have lower temperatures

A

Because they have lower pressure

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6
Q

List the airmasses we get in the UK

A

Arctic Maritime
Polar continental
Polar maritime
Tropical continental
Tropical maritime

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7
Q

In general what do continental airmasses bring

A

Drier weather, cold winters, warm summers

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8
Q

What do maritime airmasses bring

A

Milder weather and rain

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9
Q

Define biome

A

A large scale ecosystem

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10
Q

What is classified as a desert

A

Somewhere with less than 25cm per year

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11
Q

Biotic and abiotic definition

A

Biotic - living
Abiotic - not living

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12
Q

appreciate :)

A
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13
Q

What is succession

A

Where a plant or animal community gives way to another until a climax is reached

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14
Q

What are the stages in a nutrient web

A

Producers (plants) and consumers (animals usually)

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15
Q

What are the levels of plants in a rainforest

A
  • Shrubs
  • Under canopy
  • Canopy
    • Emergent layer
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16
Q

Give two adaptations in tropical rainforests

A
  • Lianas are woody vines
    • Buttress roots support tall trees
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17
Q

Why do savannas form

A

Because there isn’t enough rain to form a forest

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18
Q

Where are grasslands generally

A

A little away from the equator’s rainfall but still in the Hadley Cell

19
Q

When is the highest temperature in savannas

A

Just before the rainfall

20
Q

Give two adaptions of the savanna

A

The baobab and acacia trees

21
Q

Define biodiversity, fauna and flora

A

Biodiversity is the measure of how many different types of fauna (animals) and flora (plants) are in an ecosystem

22
Q

Define endemic species

A

A species which is unique to a particular ecosystem or location. These are often the most vulnerable to changes in climate or deforestation.

23
Q

What do ecosystems provide for humans

A

Key services

24
Q

What process leads to sandunes

A

Succession

25
Q

What are the five types of sand dunes in order plus bonus non dune

A
  1. Embryo dunes
  2. Fore dunes
  3. Yellow dunes
  4. Grey dunes
  5. Dune slack (not dune)
  6. Mature dune
26
Q

What is an example of a pioneer plant for sand dunes

A

Marram grass

27
Q

When do dunes stop

A

When vegetation and environment reach an equilibrium a climax community is created

28
Q

Case study for the use of ecosystems

A

Gwynt y môr wind farm

29
Q

Gwynt y môr wind farm factfile pleaseee

A
  • 15km from the North Coast of Wales
  • 2nd largest wind farm in the world
  • Cost £2 billion to make
  • Produces power for 400,000 homes
  • 100+ jobs
  • Sustainable
  • Affects bird migrations
    • Not particularly beautiful
30
Q

Development definition

A

The process by which a country becomes wealthier and the quality of life of its citizens improves

31
Q

Three types of development

A

Political, economic, social

32
Q

What measures do we have for economic development

A

GDP, GNI (average wage)

33
Q

Where is groundwater stored

A

In aquafers - basically huge underground caverns filled with water

34
Q

What does NEE stand for

A

New Emerging Economy - an example is India

35
Q

What are examples of a poorer and richer state in India

A

Mumbai is coastal and rich, Bihar is landlocked and poor

36
Q

What proportion of the UK’s population can commute to London in under an hour

A

About 30% - 20 million people

37
Q

What is the effect where good or bad regional situations are exacerbated

A

The multiplier effect (positive/negative multiplier effect)

38
Q

What are our policies for decreasing regional inequality in the UK

A
  • Northern Powerhouse scheme (to increase investment)
  • HS2
  • M4 Relief Road
    • Local Authority powers
      • EZs (enterprise zones, think 1930s)
39
Q

Newcastle case study

A
  1. Newcastle enterprise package supports new businesses
  2. Newcastle Science City between the council, university and EU to support the innovation sector
  3. The Millennium Bridge over the Tyne
40
Q

What are measures for social development

A
  • Literacy rate
  • Patients per doctor
  • Infant mortality rate (IMR)
  • Life expectancy
    • Access to safe water
41
Q

How do we measure gender equality

A

The Gender Inequality Index (GII)

42
Q

What is the combined measure of social and economic development factors

A

The HDI (human development index)

43
Q

What age do some children work from

A

5

44
Q

What organisations fight against child labour

A
  • The ILO (international labour organization)
  • United Nations
    • Child Hope - a charity

Geography (3 decks)

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