Unit 1 Flashcards by lily Ruter

Columbian Exchange

-the exchange of animals, plants, and diseases between the americas and europe

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European Factors for the Age of Exploration and Colonization

god glory and gold
looking for asia

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Virginia

Bacon’s rebellion, protested english policies and attacked Native American site and jamestown (looking for gold found tobacco), wanted expansion

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Georgia

buffer state from spain

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Massachusetts

Puritans( english calvinists) leave england after attempts to reform church
Leader of colony john winthrop: “City upon a hill”
Puritans work ethic: hard lifestyle
General court: elected assembly
Great migration as puritans flock from england to boston

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Connecticut

thomas hooker leads puritan outcasts to hartford
-Wanted to limit power of governor winthrop
-Fundamental orders of a connecticut: allowed all property owning men to vote

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Rhode Island

Roger Williams leads Puritan outcasts to Rhode island
-Offers religious toleration: separation of church and state
-Anne Hutchinson: female outcast for challenging Puritan teachings

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New York

dutch
Patroon system award large land grants to wealthy families- heavy taxes
Peter stuyvesant (governor) loses support his own colony against the invading british
Duke of York gave the charter by the king

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Pennsylvania

William Penn leads Quakers to New World
-Quakers believe all equal to god and anglican church too ornamental
-Women play prominent role-religious tolerance, pacifist
-Paid native Americans for the land
-Philadelphia-city of Brotherly Love

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Mercantilism

economic process where Britain made colonists trade for englands profit

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French and Indian War

Battle between great britain and france over ohio river valley
Native americans generally support french-fear GB taking land
British win quebec
Treaty of paris- british colonies extend into canada and over to the mississippi river
Native americans can’t play european power against each other anymore
British incur massive war debt=taxes
Beginning of revolution
navigation laws are enforced

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Proclamation Line of 1763

made by king george lll at the end of the 7 years war, to announce the boundary that was being set in place in North America that separated the colonies and the french land that had just been won from the french and indian war.

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Sugar-tax

tax on sugar and molasses from west indies
-Valuable part of triangle trade network, leads to more smuggling
-Vice admiralty courts created, no juries
-Salutary neglect or benign neglect
-Only affects traders
-because of sugglers

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Stamp Act- Stamp Act Congress

-Affects all people especially wealthy people
-Stamp act congress: colonies meet to petition king George III to repeal taxes “no tax without rep”
-Colonists idea to boycott

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Quartering Act

-colonists must provide soldiers housing, candles, bedding, and beverages
-NYC and boston
-Boston massacre, 5 colonists killed after attacking soldiers with snowballs
-Patriots don’t encourage riots
-Committees of Correspondence, propaganda to inform colonies of kings treatment

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Intolerable Acts

reaction to boston tea party
-Close boston
-No Town meetings, suspends legislative for appointed council
-Customs officials charged in Great Britain for crimes in colonies- no jury trials
-New Quartering Act harsher

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Lexington and Concord

-marks the beginning of the rev war
-convinces rest of americans to support independence

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Fort Ticonderoga

-first win for the americans
-gave path to canada

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Saratoga

-Turning point of war showing americans were going to win
-British plan for 3 pronged attack to divide the US

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Valley Forge

-In penn brutal for Continental soldiers

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York town

End of revolution
Colonist win

Powhatan Wars

flights between early english settlers and the Powhatan Indians

Pequot Wars

wars fight between english settlers in mass. and Native Americans

Pueblo Revolt

the Pueblo people revolted against Spanish colonizers due to their social political and economic institutions

House of Burgesses

the first english representative government in the Americas that passed laws and maintained order in the early colonies

Middle Passage

part of the African slave trade that were tansported to America

Mayflower Compact

rules made by passengers of the mayflower of self government

John Winthrop

founder of massachusetts colony

Thomas Hooker

founder of the connecticut colony

Fundamental Orders

connecticut colonies statements of the limits of government and guidance through god

Roger Williams

founded the providence plantations religious freedom separated church and state

New Netherlands

Dutch colony fur trade

William Penn

-founder of pennsylvania -religious toleration -political freedom

Act of Toleration

christian religious groups could practice their differing faiths without being punished

James Oglethorpe

formed the georgia and governed it

Navigation Acts/Laws

laws that controlled trade, any product that left the colonies had to go through english ports so england can get prophet and colonies could only get materials from england

Jonathan Edwards

writer that assisted in the approval of religious toleration

John Peter Zenger

created The New York Weekly Journal.

Albany Plan of Union

proposal that was rejected suggesting the creation of a unified government for the thirteen colonies to fight against the french

Pontiac rebellion

An Indian uprising after the French and Indian War, led by an Ottawa chief named Pontiac. They opposed British expansion into the western Ohio Valley and began destroying British forts in the area. The attacks ended when Pontiac was killed.

Sons of Liberty

young groups of people who protested the english government in verbal, physical and violent protests

Committees of Correspondence

propaganda to inform colonies of kings treatment collection of people who opposed the crown

Olive Branch Petition

sent to king george III by the colonists to either comply with the colonists or go to war

Thomas Paine

-supporter of the revolution -convinced others the rev wasn't because of tax but for independence gaining more support

Declaration of Independence

-created by the second continental congress -explanation as to why the colonists want to be independent

Treaty of Paris

-marked the end of the American Revolution -britain recognizes America as independent

Abigail Adams

second first lady of the united states wife of john adams

Bacon’s Rebellion

-first disobedient act against the english parliament -bacon wanted to vacate the Native Americans from virginia

Regulator Movement

backcountry farmers in south carolina who protested the english power in the colonies

Stono Rebellion

-armed slave rebelion -tried to make it to florida but were stopped

Paxton Boys

-pennsylvanians who were upset with the Native Americans for raiding them -asked the government to help -attacked the wrong tribe and killed peaceful Native Americans