Unit 2 Flashcards

(84 cards)

1
Q

Articles of confederation

A

1st form of government in America

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2
Q

Strengths of articles of confederation

A

Declare war and treaties, make national laws with 9/13 states, strong state powers

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3
Q

Weakness of articles of confederation

A

No taxes, no executive or judicial branches, no army, no single currency, no interstate powers, weak national power

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4
Q

Northwest Ordinance

A

Creation of states and government for northeast territories
Set criteria for new statehood
60,000 settlers to a territory could create new state

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5
Q

Separation of powers

A

Creation of 3 brances

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6
Q

Legislative branch

A

Makes national laws (congress)

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7
Q

The great compromise (legislative branch)

A

Agreement between small and large stars over representation in congress (house and senate)

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8
Q

Virginia plan (legislative branch)

A

Proposed representation based on population
-led to House of Representatives
-term 2 years

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9
Q

New Jersey plan

A

Proposed equal representation per state
-lead to senate
-term 6 years
-100 members vice president breaks ties

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10
Q

3/5 compromise

A

Agreement between north and south whether slaves count for population in determining house representation

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11
Q

Necessary and proper laws (legislative)

A

Gives powers to Congress to adopt two times and stretch power overtime (elastic clause)

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12
Q

Federalism

A

The balance of power between the state and national governments 

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13
Q

National powers

A

Immigration
Naturalization
Interstate Commerce
War and treaties

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14
Q

Shared powers between nation and state

A

Borrow money
Criminal justice process
Taxes

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15
Q

State powers

A

Education
Licenses
Interstate commerce

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16
Q

Executive branch

A

Enforces national laws
President
Term 4 years

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17
Q

Judicial

A

Interpret laws
Supreme Court

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18
Q

Checks and balances

A

Each branch safeguards the powers of the 3 branches

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19
Q

Radification

A

The process of approving the constitution

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20
Q

Federalists

A

Pro constitution
Strong central gov

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21
Q

Anti federalist

A

Anti constitution
Strong state government
Feared the creation of king
Small farmers and landowners shopkeepers and laborers

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22
Q

Who were the3 main anti federalist

A

Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Hebert and James Winthrop

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23
Q

Who were two federalist

A

James Madison
Alexander Hamilton

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24
Q

Judiciary Act 1789

A

Law that created federal court system
Supreme Court- first chief justice was John jay

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25
Cabinet
Advisors to the president
26
Secretary of State for Washington
Thomas Jefferson
27
Secretary of treasury for Washington
Alexander Hamilton
28
Hamilton believes
Federalist -educated elites -industrialized cities -pro British -loose constructionist -strong central gov
29
Jefferson beliefs
Democratic republicans -small farmers -rural farms -pro French -strict constructionist -strong states
30
Hamiltons economic plan
1. Assumption Bill- combined state and national debt (compromise of 1790 made DC new capital 2. National bank- chartered for 20 years (used elastic clause to justify creation) 3. Tax plan- tariff and exercise tax
31
Whiskey rebellion 1791
Pennsylvania farmers Rebellla against exercise tax on grain for alcohol -Washington orders troops to enforce law
32
Neutrality Proclamation
During the war France vs GB Washington keeps US neutral
33
Jay’s treaty
Agreement with GB to avoid war Allowed US access to British West Indies for trade Stopped British interference with US ships
34
Pinckneys treaty
Agreement with Spain to use Mississippi River during French vs GB war
35
Farewell Adress
Washington wars of entangling alliances, political parties, and the abuse of power by elected officials
36
John adams
1796 election- adams was a federalist president with Jefferson as a republican vice president
37
XYZ affair
Adams sends diplomats to negotiate agreement with France -French required $240,000 as a tribute “ millions for defense, not one cent for tribute” -Hamilton wants war while adams stays neutral
38
Alien and sedition acts
Four laws passed to strengthen and elongate law requirements for citizenship and allow the right of the president to deport immigrants and or imprison them along with the restriction of speech -laws created by federalist to hurt the republican party. Republicans claim these laws were unconstitutional.
39
Alien friends act
Gave power to the president to deport an immigrant if they were thought to be any sort of threat
40
Alien enemies act
Allowed for the deportation of male citizens, originating from a country that the United States was currently at war with
41
Naturalization Act
Law that increased the citizenship process from five years to 14 years to benefit federalists by increasing the amount of time they had power due to the fact that immigrants were joining the opposing Republican party
42
Sedition Act
Law passed by the house to seize false and scandalous writings of the government by giving power to deport fine, or in prison people who seem to be a threat for those who published writings opposing the United States government 
43
Election of 1800
To avoid problem in 1796 election Republicans, although as a block for Jefferson in for this results in a tie, the house chooses Jefferson -12th amendment is separate ballot for president and vice president
44
Louisiana Purchase
Napoleon agrees to sell entire lose Louisiana territory for 15 million Jefferson debates the idea because he’s a strict constructionist Lewis and Clark explore area for the US
45
France versus great Britain Jefferson stays neutral What acts did Jefferson put in place
Embargo act- US refuses to trade with other countries, nonintercourse act- US refuses to trade with countries at war brought about when embargo act causes loss of profits for New England
46
War of 1812
President Madison breaks tradition of neutrality Tecumseh’s federation of Indians, defeated at the battle of Tippecanoe British found to be aiding, Indian wars against US failure of British to surrender Northwest Post, violation of American neutralic sea, in prison of sailors creation of nationalism in the United States
47
Result of the war of 1812
Treaty of Ghent, restores prewar conditions, Hartford convention- federalist threaten nullification of war -loss of New England, trade profits, embarrassing for federalist, (end Federalist Party) battle of New Orleans- Andrew Jackson wins battle after treaty of Ghent, was signed, restores, American pride
48
Monroe Doctrine
1. no future, European colonization and western hemisphere 2. No future European influence in western influence. 3. No, you are interference in current European colonies. 4. No US involvement in European affairs.
49
Adams-onis treaty
Agreement with Spain to sell Florida for 5 million brought about after Andrew Jackson invades Florida to protect frontier from Seminole Indians
50
Marbury versus Madison
Congress passes judiciary act of 1801 allowing atoms to pack the federal courts with federalists upon losing the 1800 election. Madison the Secretary of State refuses to appoint judges therefore Marbury, one of the judges sued, Madison and the court establish the power of judicial review. 
51
McCullough v. Maryland
Maryland passed a law taxing banks in Maryland McCullough an employee of the national Bank, refuse to pay the tax the Supreme Court ruled that states could not tax the federal government. Also, the national Bank was declared constitutional.
52
Gibbons vs Ogden
Ogden had exclusive rights to steam navigation by New York. Gavin‘s was operating between New York and New Jersey with a US license Ogden sued Gabbins claiming he alone had breaks to New York waters. The Supreme Court ruled that travel between New York and New Jersey constituted interstate commerce, therefore represented a federal power 
53
Sectionalism
Loyalty to an area of the county rather than the country as a whole
54
Spokesman for the north (sectionalism)
Daniel webster
55
Spokesman for the south (sectionalism)
Calhoun
56
Spokesman for the west (sectionalism)
Henry clay
57
Clays American system
Attempt to promote nationalism and self sufficiency 1. Protective tariff for northern Industries 2. Markets in north for southern and western raw materials 3.money from tariff to west for international improvements
58
Whigs
National reform National bank National gov Tariffs- manufacturing
59
Democrats
Expansion Immigrants States rights Expansion of sufferage
60
1824 election
house of reps decides election and clay throws support to adam who wins -Jackson calls election “corrupt bargain”
61
Nullification crisis
Calhoun writes “exposition and protest” arguing nullification of tariff of abominations -SC refuses to pay tariff
62
Force bill
Jackson creates to allow for force from the army is state refuses to pay tariff SC threatens secession
63
Compromise tariff of 1833
Lowers tariff Both sides claim bictory
64
1832 election
National bank the issue in the election -Jackson says he will destroy NB Bc it only helps the wealthy -clay wants to keep the bank but Jackson wins -Jackson destorys bank and makes pet banks
65
Pet banks
After destroying National bank Jackson puts in place -leads to increased land speculation and inflation -lack of central control of money supply
66
Specie circular
Public land must be purchased with gold and silver -no credit- slows land speculation and inflation Leads to recession (panic if 1837)
67
Indian removal act
Forced relocation of eastern tribes Seminole War- chief osceola fights back and loses
68
Cherokees (Indian removal act)
Fights law in Supreme Court Marshall sides with cherokees Jackson moves them anyway Trail of tears
69
1836 election
Can Buren wins Suffers panic if 1837
70
1840 Election
Harrison and Tyler (Whigs) win - new election plans - national campaigns - log cabin + slogans - Tyler first VP to ascend to President
71
Kitchen cabinet (age of common man)
Unofficial group of advisors for Jackson
72
Spoils system
Rewarding political loyalty with government positions
73
New sufferage requirements
Property not required
74
Lobbying (age of common man)
Interest groups persuade legislators to vote certain way
75
National nominating conventions
State reps meet to pledge support for political candidates Replaces king caucus: party leaders choose candidates
76
Nicholas Biddle
Bank president Supports clay
77
Lyman Beecher and Charles Finny
2nd great awakening
78
Samuel slater
Stole plans from europe to bring industrial rev to US
79
John marshall
Chiefs justice National power
80
John C Calhoun
Lead to nullification
81
Henry clay
Great compromiser
82
Aaron Burr
tied with Jefferson in 1800 election
83
Daniel shay
Lead to constitution because of threats toward government
84
Hartford convention
Damage the federalist with its resolutions to the idea of succession, leaving an idea of disloyalty to use against them. The federalist called the meeting to device a strategy to retain political power in the national government.