- established 36 30 in the Louisiana Purchase territories for the extension of slavery in the territories

- the belief that Americans had a duty to expand from the Atlantic to

- proposal to ban slavery in all territories acquired from Mexico in Mexican War - rejected in the Senate but opens debate over slavery in new territories

- Northern Dem- S. Douglas- popular sovereignty Southern Dem- J. Breckinridge- Dred Scott ruling Constitutional Union - J. Bell - no war (compromise) Rep- A. Lincoln - no spread of slavery Lincoln wins with less than 40% of vote - South secedes

Unit 3 Flashcards by lily Ruter

Oregon territory

Oregon Territory - 1818 US agreed to share with Great Britain and occupy jointly
- American traders and trappers venture to territory followed by missionaries
Marcus Whitman first missionary - peaks American interests with stories

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Texas in 1820s

1820 Moses Austin receives permission from Spain to move 300 families to
Texas to develop the land with cotton
1821 Mexico overthrows Spanish rule - Texas a province of Mexico
- Stephen Austin brings American families to Texas
Americans revolt in Texas- led by Sam Houston- establish Lone Star Republic
- Houston defeats Santa Anna at Battle of San Jacinto - seek to be part of US-many in US fearful of large slave state being admitted to US

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Election of 1844

Election of 1844 - issue centers on admission of Texas as a state
Dem- Polk - «54-40 or fight” _ wants to admit Texas and Oregon even if it means
war with Britain and Mexico
Whigs - Clay - no annexation of Texas
Liberty Party- James Birney

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Mexican war

Mexican War- Polk offers $30 million for California and New Mexico - Anna refuses
Polk places troops on the Rio Grande to instigate a war with Mexico, that considers Nueces River the boundary between Mexico and US
America invades Mexico - conquers land
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo grants America Mexican Cession for $15
million

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Gold rush in California

Sitters mill leads to 49ers flocking to new California territory

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Missouri comprise

established 36 30 in the Louisiana Purchase territories for the
extension of slavery in the territories

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Manifest destiny

the belief that Americans had a duty to expand from the Atlantic to

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Wilmot proviso

proposal to ban slavery in all territories acquired from Mexico in
Mexican War
rejected in the Senate but opens debate over slavery in new territories

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1848 election

issue to decide slavery in the Mexican Cession
Whigs - Taylor (slaveowner) / Fillmore (abolitionist) - balanced ticket, no platform for Mexican Cession
Dem- Cass- popular sovereignty in Mexican Cession
belief that people in the territories should decide issue, not Congress
Free Soil - Van Buren - no extension of slavery into the Mexican Cession
1850 Taylor urges California to apply immediately as a free state
- South threatens war over the extension of slavery

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Comprise of 1850

1) California free state
(2) Rest of Mexican Cession open with popular sovereignty
3) Slave trade in DC ended
4) Stricter fugitive slave law enacted
5) Border Dispute with Texas
- Taylor vetos - then dies and Fillmore signs the Compromise avoiding war

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1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe

Writes uncle toms cabin that polarizes country over slavery

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Bleeding Kansas

Bleeding Kansas - 1854 Stephen Douglas introduces popular sovereignty to Great
Plains with Kansas-Nebraska Act
- Choosing territorial legislature in Kansas - Border Ruffians from Missouri (slave state) illegally vote setting up pro-slave legislature at Lecompton
- Abolitionists object and hold new election choosing abolitionist legislature at Topeka
Raids - Border Ruffians kill 2 at Lawrence
- J. Brown retaliates by killing 5 at Pottawatomie Creek
Senate- Senator Charles Sumner beaten with cane by Congressman Preston
Brooks for criticizing Senator Andrew Butler

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New political parties after 1854

Know-Nothings - nativists against the growth of immigration
-Republicans- opposed to the spread of slavery

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Dred Scott v Sanford 1857

Dred Scott (slave) sued for his freedom arguing that he had been brought from a slave state (Missouri) into a free territory (Wisconsin) according to the Missouri Compromise.
Supreme Court ruled that he was not a citizen so couldn’t sue - just property
Also ruled that Congress could not stop spread of slavery into territories
Missouri Compromise unconstitutional

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1858 Illinois senate election

Dem-S. Douglas - popular sovereignty
Rep - A. Lincoln - no spread of slavery
Freeport Doctrine - Lincoln forces Douglas to support popular sovereignty over the Dred Scott decision in a debate
Douglas wins election but loses southern support in 1860

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John Brown

(1859) attacks Harper’s Ferry Arsenal in order to begin a slave revolt
- captured by Robert E. Lee- becomes hero to abolitionists

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1860 election

Northern Dem- S. Douglas- popular sovereignty
Southern Dem- J. Breckinridge- Dred Scott ruling
Constitutional Union - J. Bell - no war (compromise)
Rep- A. Lincoln - no spread of slavery
Lincoln wins with less than 40% of vote - South secedes

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Northern advantages in civil war

Population
Factories
Railroads
Navy
Lincoln

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Southern advantages in civil war

Defensive War
Reason to fight
Military skills
Military leaders

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Northern plan in civil war

Anaconda Plan-divide and conquer
Blockade
Attack Richmond

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Southern plan in civil war

Defensive war
European help
Attack Washington

Emancipation Proclamation

frees all slaves in areas of rebellion
-gives North reason to fight, keeps Europe from helping South, Encourages rebellion in South, gains Lincoln support in North

Reconstruction

the time period following the Civil War in which the country was reunited and rebuilt.

Lincoln’s plan

1) 10% oath of loyalty to readmit states
2) Amnesty (general pardon) with oath
3) end of slavery

Congress plan (radical republicans) for reconstruction

1) 50% oath, new State Constitutions banning slavery 2) Disenfranchised (no political rights) until Congressional pardon 3) Equal rights for freedmen

Radical-Republican Goals

1) Revenge 2) Protect Northern laws 3) Protect Republicans 4) Help Freedmen

Freedmens's Bureau

- organization created to provide relief, especially for freedmen, after the war. Gave food, clothing, shelter, education to freedmen as well as found jobs and family members.

Black Codes

- southern state laws passed to restrict the rights of the freedmen. - ex. Could not serve on juries or own a gun

1866 Civil Rights Act

- federal law gave citizenship to Freedmen to counter lack of rights from southern governments

14 Amendment

- protected the right to citizenship for freedmen fear of Supreme Court overturning 1866 Civil Rights Act

1866 Congressional elections

- Congress now controls Reconstruction - More Radicals elected due to violence in South aimed at Freedmen

Reconstruction Act

1) 5 military districts, new state Constitutions, ratify 14 Amendment, equal rights for freedmen 2) Congressional pardon for former Confederates 3) Equal rights for freedmen - 14* Amendment

Tenure of Office Act

- Senate must approve the removal of an official originally confirmed by the Senate - to protect the Secretary of War Edwin Stanton (Radical-Republican) - Johnson fires Stanton - House impeaches Johnson - Senate fails to remove Johnson 35-19 - Threat to future separation of powers

1868 Grant becomes President

- scandals - Credit Mobilier- Union Pacific stockholders swindle each other with help from Grant administration

15th amendment

Freedmen can vote

Southern Reconstruction Governments

- Participants (Most white southerners disenfranchised) 1) Freedmen- now able to vote and hold office 2) Carpetbaggers - white northerners who moved south to take part in the new governments 3) Scalawags - white southerners considered traitors by their neighbors

1876 election

20 disputed electoral votes in Fla., La., SC, leads to Compromise of 1877 - Hayes given 20 votes - wins Presidency Reconstruction ended - troops removed

New south after civil war

Sharecroppers - freedmen return to plantations as workers in return for shelter KKK- terrorist group threatens freedmen Poll tax- must pay to vote Literacy Tests - must be educated to vote Grandfather Clauses - allows uneducated whites to vote Solid South - White southerners consistently vote for Democrats Jim Crow laws - laws that create system of segregation in South 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson - rule segregation constitutional "Separate but Equal facilities"

Charles Sumner

After bleeding Kansas makes speech opposing slavery and is beaten in the senate

Thaddeus Stevens

“40 acres and a mule”

Samuel Tilden

Loses to Hayes in election of 1876

Jim Crow

Segregation

Homer Plessy

Prior to Rosa parks protested on a train

Edwin Stanton

Johnson fires and it leads to Johnson’s impeachment

Know nothings

New political party after civil war Against immigration

Republicans after civil war

Wanted to stop the spread of slavery

Morrill Tariff

Increase of tax Southerners didn’t want it so they passed it when the south wasn’t apart of the Union

Wade Davis bill

Lincoln’s plan for reconstruction

Scalawag

White southerner

Carpetbagger

White northerner