Unit 1

Question 1

programming paradigm

Answer 1

a type of programming that follows a particular set of rules and conventions

Question 2

Low-level languages

Answer 2

first languages to be developed and were directly related to the machine code of the computer being used

Question 3

High-Level languages

Answer 3

not directly related to a particular machine and can be used to perform a variety of tasks - more easily understood, written and maintained

Question 4

level of abstraction

Answer 4

difference between a programming language and machine code with the language and ideas used

Question 5

compiler

Answer 5

translates high level languages into machine code1

Question 6

Procedural languages

Answer 6

-starting and end point with logical order
-use program control constructs or blocks -Sequence, Selection, Iteration, Subroutines and Functions

Question 7

Object-Oriented languages

Answer 7

objects are defined and have properties and methods

Question 8

Declarative language

Answer 8

SQL

Question 9

Functional languages

Answer 9

use mathematical functions

Question 10

structured approach

Answer 10

when the code is broken up into procedures and or subroutines

Question 11

top-down design

Answer 11

-breaking a bigger problem down
-(can be) showing the modules of modular approach in a hierarchy diagram

Question 12

structured approach advantages

Answer 12

-can allocate modules to specific programmers thus reducing time
-modules allocated to expertise make better product
-reuse common modules, store in library

Question 13

OOP

Answer 13

-classifies similar thing into objects
-object is an instance of a class
-use class diagrams for visual representation

Question 14

what are classes

Answer 14

-a description or template which describes a potential class
-contain data about themselves (properties or attributes)
-the things they do are called methods

Question 15

data encapsulation

Answer 15

only accessing data about the class through its method

Question 16

derived classes

Answer 16

subclasses derived from a base class, inherit data defined in the base class

Question 17

information hiding

Answer 17

key principle of OOP, for ex private data type (-)

Question 18

abstract classes

Answer 18

cannot instantiate objects of an abstract class, instead only use it as base class

Question 19

polymorphism

Answer 19

-where objects that have a method of the same name can be processed differently depending on their class
-derived classes usually override a method in a base class
-protected classes cannot be overridden

Question 20

Access Levels

Answer 20

Question 21

types of association

Answer 21

aggregation and composition

Question 22

aggregation

Answer 22

“has a” relationship

Question 23

composition

Answer 23

“is part of” relationship, stronger association with an existential dependency

Question 24

UML

Answer 24

Unified Modeling Language
-The relationships between various classes, classes and objects, can be shown using diagrams.

Question 25

statement

Answer 25

single step or instruction within a program

Question 26

subroutine

Answer 26

a named block of instructions that perform a specific task as part of a larger program

Question 27

procedure

Answer 27

a subroutine that executes its statement and returns control to the main program in c# -also called methods

Question 28

function

Answer 28

a subroutine that executes a statement and returns ONE SINGLE value

Question 29

parameters

Answer 29

value that can be passed to a subroutine (by ref or as argument)

Question 30

interfaces

Answer 30

the ways different modules interact with each other and call each other and swap parameters

Question 31

self contained subroutines

Answer 31

-ideal -dont rely on other subroutines for information -interface only through parameters -no global variables

Question 32

by reference

Answer 32

-pointer variable, points to space in memory

Question 33

stack frames

Answer 33

-stores current state of calling code -uses LIFO, data is pushed onto call stack, when subroutine finished whole frame is popped from the stack

Question 34

call stack

Answer 34

first in: parameters, return address, local variable