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forestry > unit 1 > Flashcards

unit 1 Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

forestry

A

creating, managing, using, and conserving forests in a sustainable manner

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2
Q

natural resource management

A

management- decisions regarding use or not use of resources

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3
Q

arborculture

A

aka urban forestry, management of individual trees

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4
Q

european forestry management

A

protection of royal herds of deer, extraction of wood, recreation

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5
Q

forests

A

ecosystem with a dense and extensive tree cover that varies by species, includes meadows, streams and wildlife
woody and shrubby and herbaceous vegetation can extend vertically a few cm off the ground
absorbs CO2 and emits O2

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6
Q

riparian

A

close to a river or stream

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7
Q

flatwoods

A

found in Florida, soggy

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8
Q

Xeric

A

found in Mexico, and SW US

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9
Q

carbon life force

A

tree mainly responsible for absorbing CO2 bc its a carbon life force, stores C in bark,
helps with dissipating the sunlight on the earth

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10
Q

forests + human usage

A

food and shelter (1/2 of forest consumption=energy)
medicinal, potash for fertilizer, resins, turpentine, pulp for paper, recreational

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11
Q

forest extraction perspective

A

use forest and replace forest with agriculture and other stuff

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12
Q

forest renewability and management perspective

A

managing for forestry, reclaiming land for forests, planted reforestation

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13
Q

Montreal Process

A

conserve biological diversity, maintain productive capacity, maintain forest health, conserve soil and water, maintain contribution to C cycle, maintain socioeconomic benefits, maintain legal policy

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14
Q

rural-urban fringe

A

human development near forests/natural areas ->forest fires

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15
Q

boreal forest location

A

largest, NA, Europe, and Asia; growing season 4 months

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16
Q

boreal vegetation

A

conifers, shrubs, lichens, mosses

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17
Q

temperate forest location

A

Eastern NA, Western and Central Europe, Eastern Asia

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18
Q

temperate forest vegetation

A

productive and dynamic ecosystems, lots of seasonal changes, rich soils, stable precipitation

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19
Q

tropical forest about

A

two seasons, constant temperature throughout the year

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20
Q

transitional zone forests

A

cloud forest- mountains of tropical forest areas
savannas- btwn canopy and desert/prairie
steppe- btwn boreal and temperate

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21
Q

North America

A

ice age coast to coast caused big changes to ecosystems
colonizers started agricultural practices but Europeans came and changed more drastically

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22
Q

Gifford Pinchot

A

first chief of US forest service, championed sustainable management and conservation ethics

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23
Q

John Muir

A

idea of preservation

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24
Q

Bureau of Land Management

A

109 hectares of land, leases out for agriculture, cattle, etc.

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25
US Forest Service
78 million hectares of land, does not lease out
26
SE US trees
coniferous, 75% pulpwood, (loblolly, slash, longleaf, maples, oaks, poplar)
27
northern lake states trees
hard woods: beech, paper, birch, sugar maple, softwoods: fir, white pine, spruce
28
midwest lake states trees
hardwoods: elm, ash, paper birch, sugar maple
29
central US trees
broadleaf and oak, hardwoods: black cherry, black walnut, oak
30
ozark trees
broadleaf reclaimed from grazing
31
western US trees
rain shadow effect -> red woods and sequoias dry forests -> bristlecone pine trees
32
hawaii trees
Koa endemic species economically important
33
Canada trees
similar to lake and western US, boreal forests in north 92% of forested land is public control most harvesting was for building
34
Mexico trees
tropical to subtropical temperate majority of forest in gov't hands most timber harvest remains in country
35
Central America trees
eastern: tropical western: dry most were cleared in 1980s for cattle pasture
36
Costa Rica trees
1/2 forested bc of ecotourism -> forests being planted
37
Guatemala and Honduras trees
not as successful with tourism, mostly agriculture, forest declining because of wood use
38
Nicaragua trees
96% of wood harvested used for cooking, bad roads so cant cut down trees, good tourism so still lots of forests
39
Europe trees
temperate and boreal forests, human impact much more intense, WWs greatly impacted forests
40
Asia trees
tundra and taiga, temperate, grasslands, tropical, thousands of years of harvesting depleted forests so now afforestation
41
Africa trees
deforestation bc of political instability and population growth animals species threatened bc of deforestation
42
Oceania
variable forests due to variable ecosystem growing pop=less and less forests= lots of management but still net loss
43
forest products major uses
building and burning
44
commodities
product with commercial value or product transported
45
roundwood
tree stems, with//without bark, delimbed
46
fuelwood
wood cut short lengths/chips to generate heat
47
charcoal
slowly burning wood in a closed environment
48
round timbers
used for poles, posts, etc. typically chemically treated
49
wood pulp
pieces of wood that are used in books, diapers, paper towels, napkins
50
wood flour
finely ground wood that has texture of sand and used in explosives
51
paper
ream-500 sheets
52
kraft paper
high tensile strength
53
coated paper
calcium carbonate (magazines)
54
construction paper, newspaper
raw paper
55
engineered wood products
wood pieces/ wood fibers that have been transformed from original, mixed and coated with special glue then recombined
56
plywood
engineered wood made by adhering several layers of veneer together
57
veneer
a sheet of wood in uniform thickness that has been peeled, sliced from a wood product
58
particle board
engineered wood, group of panel products that includes a large set of wood-based composites made from chips, sawmill shavings, and sawdust
59
oriented strand board (OSB)
engineered wood, panel product developed from wood particles
60
hardboard
engineered wood, similar to particle board but much denser
61
glulam
engineered wood, glue-laminated timber with 2 or more layers of wood glued together with the grain running lengthwise
62
acetic acid
making wood glue or plastic bottles
63
acetone
a solvent
64
creosote
a wood preservative
65
navel stores
pitch, resin, tar, turpentine, for caulking
66
tung oil
a finishing product that is added to paints, caulks, etc.
67
wood residues
stuff leftover from other processes, sawdusts, etc mulch
68
NTFP (non timber forest products)
food and medicinal, wildlife habitat and rangeland resources, recreation, aesthetic values, carbon sink
69
tree crown
branches, leaves/ needles
70
DBH
diameter @ breast height (4.5 ft off the ground uphill side of the tree)
71
basal area
cut tree at DBH and measure surface area
72
circumference
pi DBH
73
tree volume
DBH x height
74
tree height
height is the distance from a place where tree pole meets the ground to the tip of the tree
75
tree age
since seed germination, since stump emerged, from planting, when was it tall enough for DBH
76
wood growing perspective
total annual wood volume produced
77
ecosystem perspective
total annual plant and animal volume produced
78
quality perspective
measurements are generally attached to a site/ particular location (site quality/index)
79
qualitative perspective
poor, good, excellent
80
pedology
study of soils forest soils facilitate the regulation of water flow, filter and immobilize pollutants, store and cycle nutrients, structure
81
field capacity
upper limit of available soil moisture for that soil more moisture will percolate (downward) / runoff (horizontal)
82
stream sediment
natural background input, runoff, and sediment already in system
83
wildlife resources and habitat quality
canopy closure, density of large trees, distance to water, ground cover, % canopy of deciduous trees, snag (standing dead trees)
84
rangelands
can contain forest, or be a forest, or be where a forest once was
85
fuels
wood burns, manmade/natural
86
total fuel level
comprise vegetation that would burn under most severe environmental conditions
87
available fuel level
consists of vegetation that would actually combust under given condition
88
biodiversity
species richness (# of species) and relative abundance (how common species are)

forestry (4 decks)

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