unit 2

Question 1

site

Answer 1

area of ground on which a forest is, or soon will be residing

Question 2

site preparation

Answer 2

making site suitable for the establishment of a new forest and in most cases, an even-aged forest
usually means removing all vegetation as it will compete with what is to be planted

Question 3

slash

Answer 3

unwanted logging debris need to be removed/pushed aside to facilitate planting activities

Question 4

site prep methods

Answer 4

manual, mechanical, aerial (chemical)

Question 5

burning (site prep)

Answer 5

common in tropical countries less common in US

Question 6

chopping (site prep)

Answer 6

breaking down material into smaller units for possible burning/moving

Question 7

raking (site prep)

Answer 7

bull dozer/skidder with a blade containing teeth attached to the front of the vehicle and teeth penetrate and mix the soil and disrupt root systems

Question 8

windrows (site prep)

Answer 8

developed by raking together felled debris and are often burned with conditions suitable

Question 9

bedding (site prep)

Answer 9

creation of long, linear planting mounds/beds

Question 10

subsoiling/ripping (site prep)

Answer 10

used on soils where potential tree root growth will be restricted due to soil compaction/ soil has natural hardpan

Question 11

downsides of manual/mechanical

Answer 11

soil compaction, loss of topsoil

Question 12

aerial site prep

Answer 12

herbicides to kill undesired wood and herbaceous vegetation
- often prescribed fires are used after chemicals to physically rid the area of unwanted vegetation
- public doesn’t like chemicals

Question 13

forests regeneration

Answer 13

natural/artificial
seeds/seedlings/coppice

Question 14

reforestation

Answer 14

establishing a new forest on an area of land that has recently supported a mature forest

Question 15

afforestation

Answer 15

establishing a new forest from a self-sown seed, coppice shoots, or root suckers
- shelterwood and seed tree harvest can be used to promote the development of self sown seed

Question 16

coppice shoots

Answer 16

new growth arising from dormant/adventitious
- mainly for regen of deciduous trees

Question 17

artificial regen

Answer 17

seeding, seedling, rooted cutting

Question 18

seed (artificial regen)

Answer 18

often performed aerially with planes/helicopters
lots of seeds dropped to account for loss
25,000/acre

Question 19

seedlings (artificial regen)

Answer 19

very young trees, 1-2 yr, grown in nursery, some grown in individual containers to make transition easier

Question 20

cuttings (artificial regen)

Answer 20

a shoot from a hedge/tree that is planted in the soil to allow the development of roots

Question 21

tree breeding (artificial regen)

Answer 21

hybrid and modified varieties of various trees have been bred to allow better growth and harvest options
- Eucalyptus

Question 22

planting density (artificial regen)

Answer 22

density and plants can influence the way a tree grows
- more trees together may cause a tree to grow straighter up and produce less knots and allow natural pruning of lower branches

Question 23

planting (artificial regen)

Answer 23

by hand or by machine, often harvest considerations, are taken into account as well

Question 24

shelterbelt

Answer 24

an afforested plantation composed of trees planted to shelter farmland and agriculture crops from the effects of wind, potentially reduce soil erosion, or serve as a source of fuelwood/income

Question 25

early tending

Answer 25

controlling of the understory of vegetative condition (smaller trees, plants, shrubs, etc.)

Question 26

release activities

Answer 26

freeing desired young free species from overstory competition

Question 27

weeding

Answer 27

frees trees from undesirable competition and is usually preformed early in life

Question 28

animal deterrent

Answer 28

animals may browse on newly planted trees and therefore need to be eliminated

Question 29

thinning

Answer 29

remove trees of the desirable tree species using practices similar to those in weeding operations

Question 30

pruning

Answer 30

lower branches of tree are removed

Question 31

commercial thinning

Answer 31

individual trees are selected to promote the quality and growth of trees that remain

Question 32

selective thinning

Answer 32

removes inferior trees

Question 33

selection thinning

Answer 33

removal of superior trees

Question 34

high thinning

Answer 34

trees from dominant tree classes are removed

Question 35

low thinning

Answer 35

inferior trees are removed

Question 36

thinning proportional to diameter distribution

Answer 36

equal amount of trees are removed from all diameter size classes

Question 37

raw thinning with selection

Answer 37

every X number of rows are completely removed

Question 38

fertilization

Answer 38

after a seedling is planted, after thinning

Question 39

final harvest (clear cut)

Answer 39

removal of virtually all of the trees in an area

Question 40

group selection harvest

Answer 40

removal of small patches at a time, benefits aesthetics and wildlife

Question 41

seed tree

Answer 41

tree left standing and alive on purpose during final harvest as a source of seed for natural regeneration

Question 42

partial harvest of selection harvest

Answer 42

retain a canopy of trees of various ages over time

Question 43

salvage harvest

Answer 43

removal of dead/dying trees from a forest

Question 44

sanitation harvest

Answer 44

removal of trees with the intent of improving the overall health of the forest

Question 45

forest fuel load

Answer 45

the live and dead fuels across a landscape

Question 46

ground fuels

Answer 46

located below the soil surface or with in the organic layer and include the duff, etc

Question 47

surface fuels

Answer 47

forest litters, lying on surface

Question 48

ladder fuels

Answer 48

live and dead branches that provide a path for fires to reach the crowns of trees

Question 49

lag-time class

Answer 49

how long before it is considered combustible -1 hr includes needles, leaf litter, grasses, small twigs

Question 50

fuel reduction

Answer 50

prescribed fire, mechanical herbicide, livestock

Question 51

biomass harvesting

Answer 51

harvesting live and dead "slash" from other forestry practices

Question 52

agroforestry

Answer 52

a sustainable management system for land that includes production, combines agriculture with crops

Question 53

silvopastoral systems

Answer 53

tree growing + livestock

Question 54

alley cropping

Answer 54

trees + crops alternating rows

Question 55

windbreaks

Answer 55

trees in rows to protects crops and livestock

Question 56

peavy

Answer 56

pry and roll logs

Question 57

cant hook

Answer 57

like a peavy, point on the end

Question 58

cant

Answer 58

log that is squared on two or more sides

Question 59

felling

Answer 59

the process of cutting down a standing tree

Question 60

limbing

Answer 60

removal of all limbs

Question 61

bucking

Answer 61

segmenting the limbed tree bole into logs of various lengths

Question 62

felling-bunchers

Answer 62

felling heads with shears/disk saws

Question 63

harvester

Answer 63

has a chainsaw attached to the felling head to speed up harvesting

Question 64

landing area/deck

Answer 64

place where logs are transported after they are felled

Question 65

secondary transportation

Answer 65

moving wood from a landing deck to a processing facility/wood yard

Question 66

forest roads/wood roads

Answer 66

natural surface or can be designed and developed with layers of rock/agreggate to provide stability to trucks and machines that use them

Question 67

safety

Answer 67

OSHA has established rules for forestry workers and road regulations b/c many lands are public and are used for recreation