unit 4

Question 1

urban forestry

Answer 1

tree management and activity in a developed area, groups of trees along streets, within parks, around building

Question 2

urban forestry challenges

Answer 2

trees are effected by influences of modern human lives, may be under stress due to restricted growing areas, exposed to pollution more susceptible to insects and disease

Question 3

urban forestry value

Answer 3

human communities can integrate themselves into local and regional ecosystems, for some experiences within urban forests may be their only contact with nature

Question 4

ancient african civilization

Answer 4

have tended to trees in urban communities for over 4000 years

Question 5

ancient babylonians

Answer 5

built hanging gardens on roofs

Question 6

fig and plane trees

Answer 6

used in islamic, spanish, and mederteranian countries

Question 7

chinese and phoenicians

Answer 7

aesthetic

Question 8

greek

Answer 8

sports arena

Question 9

fall of rome

Answer 9

people moved away from cities

Question 10

renaissance period

Answer 10

tree lined paths

Question 11

urban forestry in us history

Answer 11

US saw limitless forests, cities became overcrowded which led to parks,

Question 12

urban forest benefits

Answer 12

climate amelioration, engineering benefits, area and aesthetic, enhancement of real estate and wildlife

Question 13

climate amelioration

Answer 13

changing of temp/wind/associate abiotic factors when humans modify their habitat
buildings and roads absorb more heat
trees help shade
have reverse effect at night
conifers are extremely efficient at stopping wind

Question 14

engineering benefits

Answer 14

erosion control, landslides
noise abatement, planted between roads and suburban communities
air pollution, pollutants get stuck on leaves n go to water when it rains

Question 15

enhancement of wildlife habitat

Answer 15

nesting habitat for many birds, promotion of better air and water quality, unwanted wildlife

Question 16

social benefits

Answer 16

calmness, help with human health, sense of community and personal identity

Question 17

urban environment

Answer 17

to make room for buildings, vegetation is stripped and tops are removed
no topsoil makes planting difficult
temps can be warmer in urban environments

Question 18

urban forest management

Answer 18

may not match local ecosystems because of different interests involved
for environmental issues, native trees can be best
manage the water: a buffer system

Question 19

recreation

Answer 19

a leisure activity unrelated to normal work

Question 20

history of recreation

Answer 20

started as a way to let the working class have a place to go for leisure activity

Question 21

big names

Answer 21

Ulysses Grant- Yellowstone
Theodore Roosevelt-conservation with Pinchot-management
John Muir- Seirra Club
Aldo Leopold

Question 22

Reclamation Act

Answer 22

enacted so resevoirs and other water based programs could take place with helped with water based forest recreation

Question 23

Antiquities Act

Answer 23

allowed president to declare national monuments on public lan

Question 24

public recreation opportunities

Answer 24

federal- US Forest Service, US Fish and wildlife service, US national park service
state- state park system

Question 25

factors that affect participation

Answer 25

people, money, time, communications

Question 26

planning and development

Answer 26

consider impacts of recreation on the ecosystem, on natural resources, economic issues, legal issues, social considerations

Question 27

ethics in forestry

Answer 27

what is the value of outputs to be generated from a forested landscape (money, product for use, who is in charge, how they manage an area)

Question 28

Thoreau

Answer 28

wrote "Walden", stressed the need for valuing and protecting untouched areas, noted change in landscape due to people and cautioned development

Question 29

Fernow

Answer 29

chief of USDA forestry, wanted to do scientifically based forestry practices, left USDA and became dean at NY College of Forestry known for his desire to tame logging practices

Question 30

Pinchot

Answer 30

helped found Yale forestry program, took USDA forestry position after Fernow, utilitarian approach: We need to use the forest believed we need highly trained foresters

Question 31

Muir

Answer 31

thought of forested landscapes as a temple for understanding nature, founded Sierra Club, Yosemite National Park

Question 32

Leopold

Answer 32

forester in AZ and NM until they moved to WN, father of wildlife management, wrote "Sand County Almanac", believed you had an ethical responsibility to manage for wildlife helped found the Wildlife Society

Question 33

Carson

Answer 33

researched pesticides and published a book called "Silent Spring", said pesticides hurt humans and nature

Question 34

ecological land ethic

Answer 34

based on stewardship and intrinsic values, even tho members of the food chain may not have economic value

Question 35

economic land ethic

Answer 35

most important aspect of management and the plant or animal species that exist on the land without economic value are disregarded

Question 36

utilitarian

Answer 36

greatest good for the most people, based on conservation of a natural resource for a human need contributes to human health and welfare

Question 37

libertarian land ethic

Answer 37

private property do what they want to with their forests as long as their actions do not interfere with the freedoms of their neighbors

Question 38

egalitarian land ethic

Answer 38

based on an opportunity right and should be employed to help those other than the landowner by protecting the productivity of forested landscapes for the products