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AP Euro by Jessica > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

(46 cards)

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0
Q

Description of the Black Death

A 
Bubonic plague 
Bulbous in lymph nodes 
Coughing, sneezing
Skin decomposed
Death
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1
Q

When was the Black Death?

A

1347-1351

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2
Q

Preconditions for the Black Death

A

Overpopulation
Famine
No hygiene
No understanding of disease

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3
Q

Cause and spread of Black Death

A

Fleas on rats came from Asia

Spread along major trade routes

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4
Q

Social/economical consequences of Black Death

A

Serfs went to cities and got jobs
Wages increased
Difference between rich and poor people wasn’t as big

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5
Q

Social groups affected by the plague

A

Wealthy landowners had to sell land or raise livestock

Serfs got to demand a little more, because most serfs died

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6
Q

Popular “remedies” against Black Plague

A

Aromatic amulets
Flight + seclusion
Religious fanatics (flagellants) beat themselves
Abstinence / sleeping around

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7
Q

Death toll in Europe due to Black Plague

A

2/5 of population

At least 25 million

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8
Q

Statute of laborers

A

Wages at pre-plague levels

Peasants can’t leave masters’ land

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9
Q

Traditional “containers” of monarchy in Middle Ages

A

Kings
Clergy
Nobles

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10
Q

Description of Hundred Years’ War

A

France vs. England

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11
Q

What caused the Hundred Years’ War?

A

English king Edward III was grandson of French king Philip the fair. Edward claimed the French throne. He wanted to be king of both countries.

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12
Q

Result of Hundred Years’ War

A

Peasants were heavily taxed
England developed own clothing market
Burgundy became more important

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13
Q

Burgundy in Hundred Years’ War

A

Egged England on, then realized, oh crap, France won’t protect us from England anymore if England wins.

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14
Q

Length of Hundred Years’ War

A

May 1337 to October 1453

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15
Q

Joan of Arc

A

Claimed God talked to her, inspired French army to take back Orleans from England. She was awesome, helped French win many battles. Burgundy captured her in 1430, then gave her to England. English tortured her, made her go through ten weeks of interrogation, then executed her, called her a relapsed heretic in 1431. Later she was made a saint.

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16
Q

King John the Good

A

French

Got captured in Hundred Years’ War

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17
Q

Charles VII

A

French

Gave Joan of Arc the go-ahead, totally was with her, then when she got captured, he didn’t care

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18
Q

Characteristics of France at the beginning of the Hundred Years’ War

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A

Had 3x the population of England
Internal disunity
Depreciated currency
Borrowed heavily from Italian bankers

19
Q

Jacquerie

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A

French peasant revolt
1358
Peasants totally lost

20
Q

Estates General

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A 
French
Representative council of townspeople, clergy, and nobles.
Actually deepened territorial divisions
Members exploited it
It really backfired
21
Q

Reasons for French failure in Hundred Years’ War

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A

English infantry is way more organized
French royalty was mediocrative
English had longbows, which could shoot 6 arrows a min, and get ya at 100 yards

22
Q

Treaty of Troyes

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A

Said English king’s son was the ruler of both England and France.
French heir to the throne was like, oh no you dindn’t, and then fought back

23
Q

Burdens felt by social classes in Hundred Years’ War

Study These Flashcards
A

Peasants had to pay taxes for all kinds of damaged property

Peasants had to give services and just pay for everything

24
Papal plentitude of power
Popes have power over all bishops of the church | Popes were more political, not spuritual
25
Pope Boniface VIII's struggle w/ monarchical authority
French Philip IV the Fair wouldn't let money go to the pope Boniface might've killed previous pope to get himself into office Philip got Boniface's friend, Saisset, Boniface eventually rescued Saisset
26
Ausculta fili
Listen, my son From Boniface to Philip "God has set popes over kings and kingdoms
27
Unam sanctam
Desperate move by Boniface to Philip | "Temporal authority is 'subject' to the spiritual power of the church"
28
Marsilius of Padua
"Heretic" who was a Spiritual Franciscan Stressed independent origins and autonomy of secular origins Wrote pamphlet Defender of Peace
29
Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges
1438 National rights over religion French church could elect own clergy w/out papal interference
30
Religious movements and the assault on the late medieval church
Lollards in England (after John Wycliffe) | Hussites in Bohemia (John Huss)
31
Facts about John Wycliffe
Oxford theologian and philosopher of high standing | Intellectual spokesman for rights of royalty vs. secular popes
32
Babylonian Captivity
Papacy in Avignon, France | From 1309-1377
33
Description of the Great Schism
Italian pope and French pope at the same time | Italian= Urban VI. French= Clement VII
34
National divisions surrounding the Great Schism
England, Rome, Hungary, Bohemia, Poland for Urban VI vs. France, Naples, Scotland, Castile, Aragon for Clement VII
35
Council of Pisa
1409 Elected new pope, Alexander V. But Urban and Clement wouldn't step down, so now they had three popes. Then, after that, all three got kicked out. After all that, Martin V became pope
36
Conciliar theory
General councils were superior to the pope and represented the whole body if the faithful Council of Basil- compromised with Bohemia Made pope mad After 1460 there were no more councils
37
Rulers of Russia between 1243-1480
Batu Khan Grand Duke Dimitri Ivan III, the Great
38
Prince Vladimir's reign in Russia
Chose Greek orthodox religion for Russia, strengthening bond with Byzantine empire 980-1015 in Kiev
39
Social divisions in 11th century Russia
White Russians Great Russians Little Russians (Ukrainians) Freemen vs slaves as well
40
Slave populations in Russia
Pow's | Debtors working it off
41
Boyars
Wealthy Russian landowners
42
The Golden Horde
Mongol empire in southern Russia
43
Mongol religion
Islam | Veils and stuff
44
Mongol treatment of Russian political and religious institutions
Left largely intact
45
End of Mongol rule in Russia
1480-ish Ivan III, the Great ended it Moscow became capital, not Kiev

AP Euro by Jessica (8 decks)

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