Unit 2 Guided Reading Flashcards
(86 cards)
1
Q
Birthplace of the reformation
A
Germany and Switzerland
2
Q
Groups that were proponents or allies of the reformation
A
GuildsPeasantryLaityTownspeople Village folkFree imperial towns
3
Q
Contributing factors to lay criticism of the church
A
Spread of knowledge
4
Q
Common goal of 13th-15th lay religious movements
A
New Testament modelReligious simplicity
5
Q
Ideology of the brothers of the common life
A
Religious life outside formal vows
6
Q
Imitation of Christ
A
Book that Thomas à Kempis wrote about the modern devotion
7
Q
Martin Luther
A
Son of a minerParents wanted him to be a lawyer
8
Q
Salvation according to the medieval church
A
Joint ventureWorks+ grace of god
9
Q
Facts about the doctrine, practice, and selling of indulgences
A
To save soulsJohan TetzelTreasury if meritLeo x + St. Peter’s When a coin in the coffer rings, a soul from purgatory springs
10
Q
95 theses
A
Against indulgences10-31-1517Humanists published itWritten in Latin
11
Q
Literary works of Martin Luther
A
95 thesesaddress to the Christian nobility of the German nation Babylonian captivity Freedom of a Christian Against the murderous and thieving hordes of peasants
12
Q
Diet of worms
A
April 1521Luther asked to recant
13
Q
Martin Luther’s view on how salvation was achieved
A
Justification by faith aloneBelief= works= grace= salvation
14
Q
Peace of Augsburg
A
1555Regional princely controlCUIUS REGIO, EIUS RELIGIO
15
Q
Reaction to the German peasant revolt
A
Peasantry are the only ones that want it
16
Q
Diet of Augsburg
A
1530Charles v says to princes, stop this Protestant movement
17
Q
Schmalkaldic league
A
Protestant defensive allianceMostly Lutheran
18
Q
Leader of reformation in Zurich
A
Zwingli
19
Q
Point of contention between Luther and Zwingli
A
Eucharist/ Transubstantiation Luther: actual bodyZwingli: symbol of body
20
Q
Anabaptists
A
Only adult baptism
21
Q
John Calvin
A
FrenchGeneva, Switzerland Set up theocracy Wrote Institutes of a Christian religion Believed in predestination
22
Q
Lutheranism in Denmark
A
Introduced by King Christian II
23
Q
Religious significance of Magdeburg during the 16th century
A
Protestant refuge
24
Q
Henry VIII
A
TudorDefender of faithWrote defense of 7 sacraments Killed Wolsey after he talked to the pope
25
King's great matter
He wanted to marry Anne Boleyn
26
Reformation parliament
1529-1536Convication- the clergy gave up
27
Act of succession
1534
28
Act of uniformity
Book of common prayerCranmer
29
Act of supremacy
Monarch supreme head of church OF England 1534
30
Dissolution of monasteries
Also part of reformation parliament
31
Wives of Henry VIII
Catherine of AragonAnne BoleynJane SeymourAnne of ClevesKatherine HowardCatherine Parr
32
Tudor monarchs
Henry VII 1485-1509Henry VIII 1509-1547Edward VI 1547-1553Mary 1553-1558Elizabeth 1558-1603
33
Six articles
Whip with 6 stingsHenry VIII is still catholic
34
Jesuits
During catholic counter-reformationSelf-mastery
35
Ignatius of Loyola
Established Jesuits
36
Council of Trent
1545-1563Internal church discipline Ignored ProtestantsReaffirmationPaul III started
37
Protestants and the views on marriage
Clergy could get marriedDivorce is ok
38
Contributing factors of wet nursing
Husbands didn't like itChurch forbade itSocial supremacyConvenience/vanity
39
Miguel de Cervantes
Don QuixoteNo schoolingRome, soldier, slave, fake accountant, prisoner, authorREALISM VS. IDEALISM
40
William Shakespeare
Richard III, Romeo and Juliet, Othelo, hamlet, Macbeth, King LearKing's menVery conservative/acceptingTragedies, comedies, histories
41
Baroque/ plain architectural styles
Fancy vs. plain
42
Politiques and examples
Leaders that put political stability over religious unityEx: Elizabeth I, Henry IVNonex: Bloody Mary, Philip II, Oliver Cromwell
43
Factors that led to Protestant Persecutions in France
1525 Francis I got captured, and his men killed Huguenots so that the captor guy would be sympathetic 1534 Affair of the PlacardsAnti catholic placards were plastered all over Paris, then Huguenots got killed
44
Competing families in France after death of Henry II
Bourbons,(CONDÉ)Montmorency- Chatillons, (COLIGNY)And Guises (FRANCIS)
45
Characteristics and facts about French Protestants
2/5 aristocracy are Calvinists1/15 of population
46
Event which started the French wars of religion
1562Massacre at VassyDuke of guise slaughtered Protestants when they were worshipping
47
Effects of the peace of st-Germain-en-Laye
1570It was just a truceIt let Protestants fortify towns
48
Facts about st. Bartholomew's day massacre
August 24, 1572Coligny slaughtered3,000 (nobles)Huguenots in Paris killed20-30,000 outside Paris Henry of Navarre sparedBefore= civil war Now= international conflict Massacre backfired on Catholics
49
Characteristics/ facts about Henry IV of France
Was Henry of Nevarre was a BourbonConverted to Catholicism to be a politique
50
Facts about the edict of Nantes
Ended French wars of religionDeclared Catholicism official religion of France by Henry IV Created states of Huguenots within FranceTurned hot war into a Cold War
51
Key players of the French religious wars
Catherine de Medicis + sons: Francis II, Charles IX, Henry III Henry II
52
Climax of Spanish/English hostilities
May 30, 1588Defeated Spanish Armada Also same day as battle of the barricades in France
53
Duration of Austrian branch's holding of western and eastern Habsburg land
Into 19th century1848
54
Characteristics of Philip II
Managed kingdom by pen/paperLearned/ pious catholicUsed religion for political gain- refused compromiseGenerous patron of the arts and cultureHis son died in 1568
55
Condition of Spanish economy in 16th and 17th centuries
Lack of actual goods in Spain itselfInflation
56
The compromise
1564Solemn pledge to resist the decrees of the council of Trent Netherlands against Spain now
57
Philip II's foreign policy and action during 1st half of reign2nd half of reign too
1st 1/2: focused on Mediterranean 2nd 1/2: Western Europe and the Netherlands and EnglandThe ottomans got defeated + don John
58
Perpetual edict of 1577
Don John signed itRemoved all spanish troops from Netherlands w/in 20 daysCave country to William of orange Ended Philip II's plansNetherlands won't ever be an hq for Spain to invade England
59
Major area of resistance that prevented spanish world empire
Netherlands
60
Successors of Edward VI of England
Lady jane greyMaryElizabethJames ( Mary, queen of scots' kid)
61
Facts about Mary and her reign
Totally catholicMarian persecutions= Bloody Mary -287 Protestants diedMarries Philip II England lost Calais- its last continental holdingMary didn't want Elizabeth to get the crown
62
Religious extremist who threatened the reign of Elizabeth I
Jesuits, Spaniards, Mary of Scots, Presbyterians and Congregationalists
63
Facts about the Elizabethan settlement
Compromise between Catholics and ProtestantsPhysical stuff for CatholicsThe actual teachings/ message for ProtestantsGave her nickname "good queen bess"
64
Thirty-nine articles
1563Elizabeth Wanted only moderate Protestants - no extremistsDeclared Protestantism the official religion of EnglandMade the Church of England an institution
65
Puritans, Presbyterians, Congregationalists
Puritans- wanted SIMPLE churchPresbyterians- wanted SEMI- autonomous congregations, they could teach how they wanted toCongregationalists- wanted COMPLETE autonomy, they could teach what they wanted to
66
Conventicle act
1593Made it treasonous to be congregational
67
Causes for outbreak of war between Spain and England
The Spanish Netherlands- viewed as threatElizabeth was excommunicatedEnglish piratingSt. Bartholomew's day massacre (August 24, 1572)Treaty of Nonsuch in 1585- gave Netherlands troops
68
Reasons for pope Sixtus v's support for Spain against England
The pope is catholic, like Spain Duh
69
Significance of the defeat of the Spanish Armada
It was a major Protestant victoryThe beginning of the Spanish decline in powerSpain never again attacked ProtestantsFrance is now the most powerfulEngland to begin world empire
70
Preconditions of the thirty years' war
Decentralized HRE- over 360 statesReligious division- peace of Augsburg Calvinism and the palatinate- Frederick III + made it like Geneva Maximilian of Bavaria- catholic hq
71
Political situation of 16th century Germany
Over 360 states and rulersSplit politically and economicallyWas the center East and west Lutheran vs. Catholic AND Lutheran vs. Lutheran
72
Significance of Bavaria to the 30 years' war
Was like the catholic headquarters
73
Ecclesiastical reservation
Prevented property from switching Either catholic to ProtestantOr Protestant to catholic Nobody followed this rule
74
Importance of Germany to Europe's merchants and traders
Center of trade routes East and west both go there
75
Significance of Heidelberg during the sixteenth century
It was like Geneva- a safe haven for Calvinists
76
Defensive alliance of palatinate Calvinists
1609England, Netherlands involved
77
Religious population of HRE in 30 yrs' war
Lutherans and Catholics legally recognizedCalvinists not recognized
78
Place of outbreak of thirty years war
PragueDefenestration of Prague
79
Phases of the thirty years war
Bohemian periodDanish periodSwedish periodSwedish-French period
80
Reason for beginning of thirty years war
Bohemian Protestants threw government officials out of a third story windowThey wanted Ferdinand to hear them
81
Actions of Ferdinand, King of Bavaria
Becomes HREmperor Is deposed as king of Bavaria
82
Edict of restitution - stage
1629Re-institutes catholic holdings on any Lutheran land obtained after 1552Very unrealisticWas an alarm to Protestants-Catholics are taking over
83
Battle of breitenfeld
1630Turning point of warHuge Protestant victoryGustarus Adolphus II's army was offensive and defensive
84
Peace of Prague
1635Germans say it's over now
85
Depopulation of Germany because of thirty years war
All the war is fought on HRE soilPeople probably emigrated out1/3 Germans were killed during the war
86
Facts about the treaty of Westphalia
1648Ended thirty years warResented edict of restitutionReaffirmed peace of AugsburgCalvinism finally recognizedSwiss confederacy+ Netherlands finally gain independenceBavaria is an elector state Austria and Brandenburg/Prussia become leading states of HRE
