Unit 1 Flashcards
(40 cards)
Columbian Exchange
transatlantic flow of goods and people between old and new world. Caused spread of disease to people with little resistance, introduced new world crops, Europeans benefited a lot from gold and silver being shipped there from America
Pueblo Revolt
(1680) a revolution against Spanish religious, economic, and political institutions imposed upon Pueblos. The only successful native uprising against a colonizing power in North America, helped ensure the survival of Pueblo traditions, lands, religions…Drove out Spanish for 12 years
Indentured Servants
Brought into colony’s to labor in tobacco fields. Drawn from England’s lower class and promised land and transportation to America if they worked 5-7 years. Provided stable labor force for colonies, increased working population in Chesapeake colonies, primary source of labor in American colonies.
Christopher Columbus
Italian navigator who in 1492 was granted a voyage of 3 ships, wanted to find a quicker path to the indies but ended up in the new world. He brought permanent connections between Europe and Natives, created routes for other explorers, helped create economic system based on exploitation of natural resources, slavery, trade, and claiming new land.
Encomienda System
Labor system established by Spanish crown in the 1500s. Rewarded Spanish explorers, conquistadores… with land in the new world. a Spanish encomendero was granted a number of native laborers who would pay tributes to him in exchange for his protection
Puritan
non-separatists who wished to adopt reforms to purify the church of England. Received right to settle in Massachusets Bay area from the king of England. Laid foundation of religion in America, wanted to eliminate any trace of Catholicism. Believed that god had chosen a few people, “the elect,” for salvation. The rest of humanity was condemned to eternal damnation.
Church of England
Started by Henry VII (7th) separating from Catholic church after he wasn’t given the right to divorce from the pope. Believed that god was a part of the father, son, holy spirit trinity and did not see pope as head of church.
Ronaoke Island
An island in present day North Carolina that was found abandoned without a trace of colonists. Sir Walter Raleigh wanted to establish a permanent settlement with the purpose of harassing spanish shipping, mining for gold&silver. The settlers who arrived in 1587 disappeared in 1590 leaving behind a set of words, but no one knows why. First colonization effort by British, when Queen Elizabeth I attempted to establish a permanent English Settlement.
Virginia Company
Chartered as a joint stock company tasked with creating a profitable settlement in Virginia. Formed to bring profit to its shareholders and establish english colony in new world. Ultimate success of jamestown colony led to establishment of Virginia colony the most important colony in north, which allowed the crown to reap natural resources and new market for english goods.
John Rolfe
An english settler at Jamestown, discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia which made Virginia very successful. Helped break Spanish monoply of tobacco and create a stable economy in Virginia
John Smith
Took control of Jamestown, organized the colony and said “he who shall not work, shall not eat” and established Virginia colony. Became president of the council for the colony and installed policies of rigid disciplines and encouraged farming
Pequot War
(1637) Conflict between alliance of Massachusets Bay and Plymouth, with American Indian allies against Pequot Indians. This war eliminated Pequots in New England and became model of Puritan use of genocide towards Natives
Jamestown
First permanent English settlement in New America, established in 1607. Colonists survived many things such as famine, disease, weather, and conflicts with natives. Served as capital of Virginia colony till 1698. because of its success it was a model of sustainable colony to other expeditions heading to the new world. Where tobacco was introduced which made economy thrive and colony established a general assembly which became model for representative government.
Mayflower Compact
first agreement for self government in America. Signed by 41 men on the Mayflower and set up government for plymouth colony. Created laws for mayflower pilgrims and established that colonists would remain loyal to King James despite need for self-governance. 1st document to establish self-government in the New World.
John Winthrop/ City on A Hill
Governor of Massachusetts Bay colony, important in forming colony’s government and shaping its legislative policies. He envisioned the colony as a “City on a hill” from which puritans would spread religious righteousness throughout the world. He hoped that the New World would allow them to pursue their puritan religious beliefs without persecution.
Anne Hutchinson
A puritan woman who was well learned that disagreed with the Puritan church in Massachusetts Bay colony. Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony and she later took part in formation of Rhode Island. One of the earliest feminist who questioned authority.
Maryland Toleraction Act
Act passed in Maryland in 1649 that granted freedom of worship to all christians, although it was enacted to protect the Catholic minority. Became benchmark of religious freedom in all colonies, lawmakers hoped it would make Massachusetts more desirable location for immigration. First separation of church& state.
House of Burgesses
First elected legislative assembly in New World, established in Virginia in 1619. 2 representative’s from each colonies 11 districts and responsible for making laws including taxes.
Uprising of 1622
Powhatan rised against the English. The Indian Massacre of 1622 took place in English colony of Virginia. Series of surprise attacks were led on Powhatan Confederacy, led to failure of economic diversification project in which Virginia company had invested heavily and led to dissolution of Virginia Company
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Chartered in 1629 and settled by eleven thousand Puritans under guidance of John Winthrop. The puritans of the bay colony would build a model religious community based on Puritan beliefs. Founded the colony to escape religious prosecution.
Half-way covenant
Congregational church policy that allowed grandchildren of great migration immigrants to get baptized and have church membership despite the lack of conversion experience. Allowed people to vote, keep church relevant, but compromise of Puritan belief.
Great Migration
Movement of African Americans from the south to the industrial centers of Northeast and Midwest. Reasons were decreasing cotton prices, lack of immigrant workers in the north, and increased manufacturing.
Plymouth Colony
Early settlers of second successful english settlement, plymouth colony established in 1620. They fled England Seeking religious freedom, established first form of representative government with a written governing doc (Mayflower Compact), separated church and estate.
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
A constitution for connecticut, allowed non church members to vote, set a precedent for wider participation in gov’t
