Unit 3 Flashcards
(50 cards)
Revolution of 1800
Described by Jefferson in his election who wanted to restore the country to the liberty it had known before Hamilton’s economic plan and John Adam’s Alien and Sedition Acts
Louisiana Purchase
U.S. acquisition of Louisiana from France for 15 million. The purchase secured American control of the Mississippi river and doubled the size of the nation.
Lewis and Clarck Expedition
Sent by Thomas Jefferson to explore northwestern territories of the U.S. Provided valuable scientific and geographic information about the American West.
Marbury vs. Madison/ Judicial Review
Established the principle of Judicial Review, the power of the federal court to declare legislative and executive acts as unconstitutional. This opinion was written by John Marshall. Madison refused to deliver the commission because he didn’t want a federalist judge in the courts
Marshall court
occupancy of John Marshall as chief justice of the Supreme Court from 1801 to 1835. It strengthened the courts position as coequal with legislative and executive branch.
Tecumseh
Shawnee leader who fought against the U.S. expansion into the midwest . He opposed any surrender of Native American land to whites and tried with his brother known as the prophet to unite tribes from American customs
Embargo Act
Law passed in 1807, over federalist opposition. Prohibited U.S. vessels from trading with European nations during Napoleonic war. Closed all U.S. ports, and restricted imports from Britain. It was president Jefferson’s response to British and French interference with neutral U.S. ships during Napoleonic wars.
Chesapeake-Leopard Incident
In 1807, the U.S. Chesapeake was stopped in the mid-atlantic by the British Leopard. British Demanded the return and surrender of the four desserts from the royal navy, Chesapeake commanding officer James Barron refused resulting in British attack.
War Hawks
members of congress who put pressure on President James Madison to declare war against Britain in 1812. They were from southern and western states and wanted to expand the U.S.
War of 1812
military conflict fought between the U.S. and Great Britain from 1812 to 1815. The war was sparked by a variety of issues including British interference with American trade and impressment of American sailors by British navy. By america winning, it gained international respect and created a sense of nationalism.
hartford convention
Meeting of New England federalists held in Hartford Connecticut in winter of 1815-1815. These federalists opposed the war of 1812 and held convention to discuss and seek redress by Washington for their complaints. They wanted to remove the 3/5 compromise, and require a 2/3’s majority in congress for admission of new states. It caused the demise of the federalist party as it turned public against them.
Treaty of Ghent
Agreement between the U.S. and Great Britain in Belgium in 1814. Treaty ended the war of 1812 and provided all territory captured to the rightful owner. Britain agreed to stop encouraging Native Americans to attack settlers in the Great Lakes region
Eli Whitney & Cotton Gin
Cotton Gin is a machine for cleaning seeds from cotton fibers invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. One of the key inventions of the Industrial revolution and shaped the economy of the Antebellum South
Nativism
Belief that native born Americans are superior to foreigners. Lots of hostility towards immigrants, specially Irish and catholic ones.
Transcendentalists
philosophy pioneered by Ralph Waldo Emerson in the 1830’s & 1840’3 in which each person has direct communication with God and nature, and there is no need for organized churches. Emphasized importance of intuition and spiritual connection to the divine.
Second Great Awakening
A religious revival moment that occurred in the early 19th century. Emphasized the importance of converting people to protestant christianity. pushed the idea of individual salvation and free will over predestination. Greatly increased the number of christians, and led to significant increase in church membership.
Joseph Smith/Brigham Young
American religious leader and founder of mormonism. Joseph Smith created mormon church and book of mormon. Brigham brought the telegraph and railroad to Utah.
Cult of Domesticity
Belief that as fairer sex, women occupied a unique and specific position that they were to provide religious and moral instruction in the homes but avoid rough world of politics and business.
Lowell Mills
complex of textile mills built by Boston Company in 1823 in Massachusetts. Allowed women to work, and marked beginning of industrial revolution.
Erie Canal
Canal between New York cities of Albany and Buffalo. Completed in 1825, considered invention of modern world. Allowed western farmers to ship surplus crops to sell in the north and allowed northern manufacturers to ship finished good to sell in the west.
Adams-Onis treaty
treaty in 1819 that purchased Eastern Florida to establish the boundary between Mexico and the Louisiana territory.
manifest Destiney
19th century idea that Americans were destined to expand into the west and cultivate and civilize the country from coast to coast. Allowed U.S. to expand its territory and develop a sense of nationalism. Huge role in annexation of California and Texas, but created tensions in the north and the south
Market Economy
Economy system based on free enterprise in which businesses are privately owned and production and prices are determined by supply and demand. People produce crops and products for cash not survival. Americans moved from self-sufficient agriculture to production of goods for sale. Introduced factory labor, shifted from barter to wages, connected the U.S. to global markets.
Hudson River School
Mid 19th century art movement that focused on nature. movement is considered the first truly American art style.
