Unit 2

Question 1

Salutary Neglect

Answer 1

British policy of letting colonies ignore most British laws. The policy changed after Britain became broke after the French & Indian war and needed the colonies to start paying taxes.

Question 2

French&Indian War (Seven years War)

Answer 2

North American conflict in a larger imperial war between Great Britain and France. Began in 1754 and ended with Treaty of Paris in 1763. War provided Great Britain with enormous territorial gains in North America

Question 3

Proclamation of 1763

Answer 3

Proclamation from British Government which forbade British colonists from settling west of Applachian mountains

Question 4

Pontiac’s Rebellion

Answer 4

uprising of native tribes following french and indian war that led to passage of proclamation of 1763 and British establishing a permanent standing army in North America.

Question 5

Declaratory Act (1766)

Answer 5

act of parliament of Great Britain in 1766, attempting to regulate behavior of colonies. States Parliament had the right to make laws for the colonies in all matters.

Question 6

John Locke

Answer 6

Advocated the idea of social contract in which government powers are derived from consent of the governed and government serves the people.

Question 7

John Peter Zenger

Answer 7

journalist who questioned policies of governor of New York, he was jailed and his court case was the basis for freedom of speech.

Question 8

Albany Plan of Union

Answer 8

1754- proposal by the Albany congress under guidance of Benjamin Franklin, during French and Indian war. Called for confederation of colonies to defend against attacks of Europe and natives.

Question 9

Virtual Representation

Answer 9

Idea that British Parliament members virtually represented British colonies by speaking for all instead of just where they were from

Question 10

Treaty of Paris (1783)

Answer 10

Called for land west of the Appalachian mountain and east of the Mississippi River to be divided into separate states. Ended American Revolution and formally recognized U.S. as an independent nation.

Question 11

Sons of Liberty

Answer 11

radical organization in colonial America created to carry out public demonstrations against British policies that forced Americans to pay taxes.

Question 12

Coercive (Intolerable Acts)

Answer 12

Series of harsh and grudging laws constructed by British in response to Boston tea party. Intended to make Massachusetts pay for its resistance, damage, and destruction of tea by closing down Boston harbor.

Question 13

Stamp Act

Answer 13

(1765) imposed a tax on all printed materials, including newspapers, legal documents, and even playing cards. Met with significant resistance from colonists

Question 14

1st Continental Congress

Answer 14

Convention of delegates from 12 of 13 colonies that met in 1774 as a response to the coercive intolerable acts.

Question 15

Lexington/Concord

Answer 15

Initiated the revolutionary war between American colonists and the British. British governor Thomas Gage sent troops to Concord to stop colonists who were loading arms. Next day on April 9, 1775 the first shots were fired in Lexington

Question 16

Committees of Correspondence

Answer 16

Local committees established throughout the U.S. to promote resistance to the British and strengthen communication between colonists. Allowed for formation of first continental congress.

Question 17

Thomas Paine/ Common Sense

Answer 17

writer who published the best seller, “Common Sense” in 1776 and had radical idea that colonies should set up America as an independent nation

Question 18

Battle of Saratoga

Answer 18

Series of two battles that became turning point for war. Fought in Saratoga, New York in 1777. The American defeat of British Army lifted morale and furthered hope for independence

Question 19

Battle of Yorktown

Answer 19

Last major battle in Revolutionary War, signified end of war because American and French forces surrounded Yorktown and captured Lieutenant Charles Cornwallis and 8,000 of his troops.

Question 20

Freedom Petitions

Answer 20

Argument for liberty in New England courts and legislatures presented by enslaved African-Americans. other slaves ran away during war in hopes of Freedom. First step towards emancipation

Question 21

Republican Motherhood

Answer 21

Women’s job to educate and instill republican ideal’s in young minds of youth. First political role of women

Question 22

Articles of Confederation

Answer 22

1781- first American constitution that established the U.S. as a loose confederation of states under a weak national congress

Question 23

Shay’s rebellion

Answer 23

Rebellion by debtor farmers in Massachusetts led by revolutionary war captain Daniel Shay against Boston creditors. Exposed the weakness of the gov’t under the Articles of Confederation and led to demising it.

Question 24

Land Ordinance of 1785

Answer 24

Allowed the federal government to sell western lands to pay off national debt and organize these new lands into townships and public schools

Question 25

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Answer 25

Established a government for the Northwest territory, outlined process for admitting a new state to the union

Question 26

Treaty of Greenville

Answer 26

Gave America all of Ohio after general Anthony Wayne battled and defeated the Indians at battle of Fallen Timber (1795)

Question 27

Great Compromise (1787)

Answer 27

During constitutional convention of 1787, sherman presented, the great compromise which devised a system that would please both the large and small by dividing the legislative branch into two houses.

Question 28

3/5 Compromise

Answer 28

Determined that 3 out of every 5 slaves was counted when determining a state's total population for legislative representation and taxation

Question 29

Elastic Cause

Answer 29

Allows congress to make laws that are necessary and proper to carry out its enumerated power.

Question 30

Federalist papers

Answer 30

A collection of essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison explaining how the new government would work. Their purpose was to convince the New York state legislature to ratify the constitution, which it did.

Question 31

Anti-Federalists

Answer 31

Wanted a weak central government and more power to the people. Opposed ratification of the constitution. They equated a strong government with British Tyranny.

Question 32

Bank of the United States

Answer 32

Central bank proposed by Alexander Hamilton established in 1791. It issued paper money, completed commercial transaction, and collected government tax revenues as well s lent money to the gov't.

Question 33

Jay's Treaty

Answer 33

Made up by John Jay, said that Britain was to pay for American ships that were seized in 1793, Americans had to pay British merchants debt owed from before the revolution, and British agreed to remove its troops from Ohio Vally

Question 34

Pinckey's Treaty

Answer 34

1795- Treaty between U.S. and Spain which gave the U.S. the right to transport goods on the Mississippi river and store goods in the Spanish ports of New orleans

Question 35

Quasi War with France

Answer 35

undeclared war fought at sea between the U.S. and France from 1798 to 1800. The French began seizing American ships, and started treating with their b\British empire.

Question 36

Nullification

Answer 36

state had right to decline wether to obey a federal law or nullify it. Movement that campaigned against Tarrif of 1828

Question 37

Neutrality Proclamation (1793)

Answer 37

Formal announcement issued by president George Washington on April 22, 1793 declaring United Sates as a neutral nation in the conflict between Great Britainn and France

Question 38

Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 38

Uprising of Western Pennsylvania farmers that place in 1791 to 1794 in response to Alexander's tax on whiskey.

Question 39

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Answer 39

Political statement was drafted in 1798 & 1799 in which the Kentucky and Virginia legislature took the position that Federal alien and sedition acts were unconsitititonal

Question 40

Alien and Sedition Acts

Answer 40

(1798) Were four laws passed by Federalist. Controlled congress and signed by President John Adams intended to reduce foreign influence in the U.S. and public criticisms of the gov't. Acts were set to maintain Federalists power

Question 41

XYZ affairs

Answer 41

diplomatic incident between French and U.S. diplomats that resulted in a limited udeclared war known as Quasi-war. French attempted to get bribes and loans from U.S. diplomats in exchange for an agreement that French Privateers would no longer attack American ships.

Question 42

Midnight Judges-John Adams

Answer 42

Nickname given to group of judges that was appointed by John Adams the night before he left office. He appointed them to go to the federal courts, so there could be a long term federalist influence. failed to make sure they were delivered on time, so his plan failed.