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History 10 by adeline > unit 1 > Flashcards

unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Success Myth?

A

Iterations/Manifestations:

-America is “The Land of Opportunity”
-The Meritocracy
-“Pull Yourself Up by your Bootstraps”

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2
Q

The “City on a Hill” Myth

A

Iterations/Manifestations:

-American exceptionalism
-“Spread the light of Christianity/democracy/capitalism to the rest of the world”
-America is the “best country in the world”

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3
Q

The Agrarian Myth

A

Iterations/Manifestations:

-The American Dream
-The Jeffersonian agrarian ideal, “virtue in the soil”
-Homeownership

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4
Q

What is HIPP

A

Historical Context
Intended Audience
Purpose
Point of View

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5
Q

Teleological history

A

you begin at the end

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6
Q

Mound Building

A

mortuary purposes

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6
Q

Mississippian civilization

A

development of some of the most complex societies in North America

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7
Q

Agricultural revolution

A

period of warmer temperatures that allowed the advancement of agriculture

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8
Q

Cahokia:

A

first permanent european settlement in illinois, center of french influence

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9
Q

Chaco Canyon

A

major center of puebloan culture, building, astronomy, trade, ceremony

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10
Q

environmental determination

A

environment determines patterns of human culture and society

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11
Q

hegemony:

A

leadership/dominance by one country or social group over others

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12
Q

the columbian exchange:

A

exchange of goods (plants, people, ideas) from the americas the europeans and vice versa

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13
Q

meritocracy:

A

person with the most skill will have the most opportunity

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14
Q

proprietary colony

A

king granted land and legal authority over that kand to the invidi=ual

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15
Q

headright system

A

lands a subsidy, 50 acres per servant

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16
Q

chattel slavery

A

treats individuals as personal property that can be bought and sold

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17
Q

slave codes

A

secured the legal status of slavery

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18
Q

what caused mass death in the americas for native americans when the european arrived

A

small pox, measles, typhoid fever

natives lacked immunological defenses against european germs

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19
Q

whole sale transplanting of European ecosystems

A

9x as manu euro. animals as indigenous animals

tobacco and coco important to both euro. and aztec cultures

maize, potatoes and other plants transformed euro. diets

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20
Q

____________ unslavable so the English turned to poor ___________ adults as servants called _________________

A

natives unslavable so the English turned to poor english adults as servants called indentured servitude

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21
Q

Who was richard frethorne

A

an indentured servant who wrote to his parents after 3 months of servitude

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22
Q

what were the main problems in indentured servitude according to Frethorne

A

food/drink (no meat/ unbalanced diet)
disease ( and starvation)
indians (calls them their enemies+ often attacked)
relations among settlers

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23
Q

Why did people sign to be servants

A

misery in england, being sold on prosperity

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24
tabacoo booms=
wealth
25
What is the Mesoamerican trio
maize, beans, squash
26
Why do European countries win out?
27
WHat were the reasons for jamestown failures?
huge territory, english susceptible to disease
28
Why did the english have a 2nd attempt at colonizing chesapeake
spread faith, thwart spain, discover wealth, find passage to pacific
29
Who was John Smith
forced jamestown settlers to work the land tobacco-> boosted colony financially
30
Bacons Rebellion Date? Why? Who won? Who fought? Result? Native Prospective:
Date? 1676 Why? conflicts between white poor and white rich, little access to land or women Who won? Rich whites Who fought? white poor and white rich, Native americans Result? African Slaves brought in-> diffused class struggle, burned capital Native Prospective: scattered facing more enemies, heavy casualties, 1st treaty
31
John Ralfe:
brings tobacco to colonies
32
Class divisions in 1600s
indentured servants, cavaliers- angelicals, black slave population
33
What caused the shift from indentured servitude to slavery?
wages in english went up, new colonies, england playing larger role in slave trade, $ for slaves vs servants comparable
34
Codifying Black Slavery
new laws that recognized and supported slavery
34
Virginia legislature of 1662
slave status inherited through mother (rape of slave woman= more slaves, forced breeding, couldn't be undermined) placed bounties on runaways + protected whites against prosecution for violence against blacks
35
VIrginia's slave code of 1682
stricter, authorized violence against slave rebellions, made it illegal to free slaves w/out fine, slave codes, plantation system adopted
36
Murder of Slaves in law
loss of legal protection for slaves life, corporal punishment "only way a master could correct a slave"
37
colonial town vs Frontier tesions
colonial: elites, creators of laws, religious attendance, noble savage theory frontier: "rugged individuals", subject to town laws, infrequent church attendance, conflict w native americans
37
conflicts between Poor and rich whites:
Bacons rebellion- 1676-1677 Paxton Boys- 1763 Regulator movement-1766-1771
38
"city on a hill"
american exceptionalism
39
manifest destiny date
1840
40
white mans burden when what
1890 The White Man's Burden", by Rudyard Kipling, is a poem about the Philippine–American War that exhorts the United States to assume colonial control of the Filipino people and their country
41
Mary Rowlandson:
puritan captured during conflict w king Phillip, gave god complete power (believed that God put her through hardships because she was ready for it)
42
Puritans in america
wealthy men and women, "chosen ones", enemies= natives
43
america= _________ land for puritans
promise land
44
Mayflower
theocracy, seeds of democracy
45
theocracy
no difference between god and state
46
John Winthrop
Calvinist, predestination
47
calvanism
teaches that the glory and sovereignty of God should come first in all things
48
Ann hutcherson
critic of Calvinism, captured in war
49
New england settlement success reasons
low mortality, extended family, tight communities, close towns, near water, medicine-> women, patriarchy
50
Pequot War
1636-1637 Pequot tribe eliminated, whites and other natives attacks, puritans saw as religious war (very violent)
51
King Phillip's War
1674-1675 cause: unjust treatment of Native americans by English in all aspects justice system bias murder of 2 innocent native men stealing men
52
What are the reasons for Virginian success
Virginia company refuses to give up, tobacco (land expansion-> need for labor), changing relations with N. A., john smith
53
What did maryland have that other colonies didn't
religious freedom
54
virginia timeline: Virginian inhabitants:
founding: 1607- 1630 take off: 1630-17675 indentured servants (majority) cavaliers (elites) small pop of slaves
55
how did the environment influence the Native Americans experience
denser population, stratification, specialization, class conflict
56
Stratification
the arrangement or classification of something into different groups.
57
Characteristics of N. A. culture
oral traditions, archeology, physical anthropology, archeology, 80-150 million
58
How did the Native americans get to the americas
Pangaea
59
What are the 4 corners
The 4 native american cities were civilization took off
60
Religious practice in Native American culture
Mounds for burials, rituals, gatherings, exhibitions Leaders= between ordinary humans and supernatural forces
61
Structure of Native American societies
Denser living patterns, class structure, household organization, people relocating to smaller and more economically sustainable living arrangement Political alliances
62
Cultures of pacific coast
Abundance of marine life made agriculture unnecessary Sophisticated techniques for harvesting Economic activities: - elite classes -storing food - accumulation of private property -Economic inequality (stratification)
63
Environmental determination
The environment determined culture, economic
64
relationship with natives (by john smith and Pocahontas) ended when ___________ took power
opechan

History 10 by adeline (8 decks)

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