Unit 1

Question 1

Components of Macromolecules

Answer 1

(components) C N P
Carbohydrates yes

Protein yes yes

Nucleic Acids yes yes yes

Lipids yes yes

Question 1

Why are Carbons Special

Answer 1

They can chain, branch, and form rings

Question 2

Monomer to Polymer

Answer 2

1. Monosaccharide - Carbohydrate
2. Amino Acid - Protein
3. Nucleotide - Nucleic Acid
4. Fatty Acid - Lipids

Question 3

Nucleic Acid Components

Answer 3

5’ end Phosphate Group on five carbon sugar
3’ end OH hydroxyl group to form a decondensation rxn
Nitrogen Base

Question 4

Components of a Protein

Answer 4

Amino Group (Beginning)
Peptide Bonds form
Carboxyl Group (End)

Question 4

DNA Directionality

Answer 4

Three Carbon and Five phosphorus are anti-parallel - new components can only be added to the three carbon end

Question 5

DNA vs RNA

Answer 5

DNA
1. Double stranded
2. Deoxyribose (H attached to Carbon Ring)
3. Thymine

RNA
1. Single stranded
2. Ribose sugar (OH attached to Carbon Ring)
3. Uracil

Question 6

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 6

a weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other.

Question 7

Cohesion

Answer 7

Attraction to itself (water)

Question 8

Adhesion

Answer 8

Attraction to something other than itself because it is more electronegative

Question 9

Capillary Action

Answer 9

Water Climbing up a glass rod due to adhesion

Question 10

Surface Tension

Answer 10

The tension caused due to cohesion

Question 11

Convex Meniscus

Answer 11

Meniscus caused by cohesion

Question 12

Concave Meniscus

Answer 12

Meniscus caused by adhesion

Question 13

RNA Creation Steps

Answer 13

1. RNA attaches to DNA
2. mRNA is grabbed my tRNA
3. tRNA synthesis Proteins

Question 14

Dehydration/Condensation Reaction

Answer 14

H2O is released by forming a polymer from monomers

Question 15

Carbon Ratio

Answer 15

(CH2O)n

Question 16

Why is Water special?

Answer 16

High Heat Capacity
Expansion on freezing
cohesion/adhesion
its polarity
surface tension

Question 17

hydrolysis

Answer 17

breaking down polymers to monomers, which needs water

Question 18

trace elements

Answer 18

elements present only small amounts in a particular sample or environment.

Question 19

radiometric dating

Answer 19

attempting to find the age of a fossil by observing the radioactive isotopes like C14

Question 20

alkaline

Answer 20

high pH or basic

Question 21

fructose

Answer 21

a simple sugar or monosaccharide - carbohydrate

Question 22

Organic Compounds

Answer 22

Has BOTH hydrogen and Carbon

Question 23

Inorganic Compounds

Answer 23

does not have both hydrogen or carbon

Question 24

How many Hydrogen bonds does AT in DNA have?

Answer 24

2

Question 25

How many hydrogen bonds does CG in DNA have?

Answer 25

3

Question 26

Buffers

Answer 26

purpose: fights back drastic changes in pH levels in an organism How? a weak acid is made or made into a base depending on the pH level - which is dictated by the number of H+ ions

Question 27

What do lipids do?

Answer 27

1. energy storage - in simple fats 2. cell membranes 3. insulation

Question 28

steriods

Answer 28

nonpolar lipids made by modifying cholesterol used for medicine

Question 29

What determines the character of a protein?

Answer 29

the R group