Unit 1

Question 1

Ideology

Answer 1

A formation of our beliefs and values that help us answer these questions: how does the world work? How should we live together? Should we care for others? What should the future look like?

Question 2

Collectivist values

Answer 2

-The group or collective is more important than any individual
-The strength of the group relies on everyone’s contributions, and the individual may need to sacrifice
-Wealth is shared
-The entire group is responsible for its members actions

Question 3

Individualist Values

Answer 3

-Individuals are important and entitled to make decisions
-Individual effort is valued and each individual should be allowed to develop their potential
-Private property and individual wealth are valued
-The individual is responsible for their own actions

Question 4

The 4 themes of ideology

Answer 4

Nation, Religion, Class, Environment

Question 5

Nation

Answer 5

Ideological theme whose goal is to be seen as an independent or sovereign group/country

Question 6

Religion

Answer 6

Ideological theme that uses religion to answer questions about human nature

Question 7

Class

Answer 7

Ideological theme that structures societies into hierarchies or groups

Question 8

Environment

Answer 8

Ideological theme that explains the relationship with the land

Question 9

John Locke

Answer 9

Humans are reasonable, individual rights must be protected, democracy, helped create The Social Contract

Question 10

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 10

Humans are selfish and violent, believed in individual freedom but required a person to be responsible for ensuring this through absolute power- AKA, dictatorship, Helped created The Social Contract

Question 11

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Answer 11

People are good but have been corrupted by society, believed in “the common good”, believed strongly in the Social Contract

Question 12

Communism

Answer 12

-Government intervention and control
-Resources are publicly owned
-Societal needs are more important than individual needs
-Everyone is equal
LEFT side of spectrum

Question 13

Capitalism

Answer 13

-Government is limited- the free market controls decisions
-Resources are privately owned
-Individuals should be self-sufficient, and their freedom is more important than the needs of others
-Class distinction exists due to economic categorization
RIGHT side of spectrum

Question 14

Socialism

Answer 14

Rooted in communism, but allows people to own private property. The main productions of wealth are controlled by the people or the government

Question 15

Political Spectrum

Answer 15

(left to right) Communism, socialism, conservatism, facism

Question 16

Economic Spectrum

Answer 16

(left to right) Communism (planned economy), mixed economy, Laissez-faire capitalism (free market)

Question 17

What time period started the beliefs of the individual?

Answer 17

Renaissance

Question 18

Classical Liberalism

Answer 18

Supports the rights of the individual, free market capitalism, laissez-faire economics. You are free from society without being oppressed

Question 19

3 aspects of Liberalism

Answer 19

Political, Social, Economic

Question 20

Political Liberalism

Answer 20

-ALL members of society have the same legal rights and freedoms
-ALL members can vote
-ALL members are treated equally under the law regardless of gender, race, or money

Question 21

Economic Liberalism

Answer 21

-All individuals have the right to own property
-Removes government control in economic markets
-Values of goods and services are decided by the people (supply and demand) not by the government

Question 22

Social Liberalism

Answer 22

-ALL individuals are viewed as equals in society
-Everyone has the same ACCESS to components that make up a good quality of life
-Education, Health Care, Freedom of religion, freedom of sexual orientation, etc.

Question 23

Rule of Law

Answer 23

-Rule of Law: the law itself, not the individual, has the greatest power and ALL individuals are subject to the law

Question 24

Social Contract

Answer 24

Social Contract: each individual of society agrees to be governed so that he/she may gain the benefits of living in that society

Question 25

Adam Smith

Answer 25

-Smith believed that people acted out of self-interest, and if everyone did acted this way, the world would see a common good -Smith coined the term “laissez-faire” (leave alone) to describe this’

Question 26

Private Property

Answer 26

Individual people/businesses owning property

Question 27

Public property

Answer 27

Government or societal owned

Question 28

Collective

Answer 28

refers to any group of people who works together: nation, ethnic, cultural, etc.

Question 29

Karl Marx

Answer 29

-Published The Communist Manifesto -Believed Capitalism created poor working and living conditions -Believed in a classless society-workers needed to unite and take control -Property should be shared for the common good -Hated industrialization

Question 30

Collective interest

Answer 30

is a goal or an idea that members of a group pursue -For it to be a collective interest, you must sacrifice your individual needs for the common good (has to benefit everyone)

Question 31

Collective Responsibility

Answer 31

Collective responsibility includes 2 aspects: (1) The groups responsibility for the actions of all its members (rewarded or punished for individual doings) (2) Individuals have a responsibility to the group rather than to themselves

Question 32

Economic Disparity

Answer 32

People's incomes vary greatly

Question 33

Social Programs

Answer 33

Provided by the government through taxes (healthcare)

Question 34

The development of Society (Karl Marx)

Answer 34

Primitive communism--> Slave Society--> Feudalism --> Capitalism--> Socialism--> Communism(no classes of people)

Question 35

Crown Corporations

Answer 35

Government owned companies (Air Canada)

Question 36

Co-Operatives

Answer 36

are owned and operated by a group of people rather than an individual, and they often provide products or services to their members (Service Credit Union)

Question 37

Cooperation

Answer 37

Cooperation is essential to collectivism- it is necessary for people to sometimes put group interested above their own,

Question 38

Adherence to collective norms

Answer 38

we are making sure we fit into what is “normal” in society -Collective norms are one effective way to persuade individuals to be part of a collective interest