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Social 30 > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Liberal Democracy

A

Form of government in which the rights and freedoms of the individual are guaranteed, including the right to VOTE for a leader

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2
Q

Representative Democracy

A

Citizens elect candidates on their behalf to make decisions within government

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3
Q

Direct Democracy

A

Citizens participate directly in decision that need to be made, like making new laws

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4
Q

Representation by Population (rep by pop)

A

Each riding (area) in every province has a certain number of elected MPs that is based off of the population within that province (more people = more MPs)

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5
Q

First Past The Post

A

The name for Canada’s democracy- Candidates run within an electoral riding

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6
Q

Popular Vote/Proportional Representation

A

Every individual vote is counted rather than counting the number of elected MPs in each riding

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7
Q

Minority government

A

The political party in power has less than 50% of the seats in the House of Commons

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8
Q

Majority government

A

The political party in power has more than 50% of the seats in the House of Commons

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9
Q

Coalition

A

Political parties have to work together to pass laws in the House of Commons

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10
Q

Party Solidarity

A

MPs are required to vote the same as their political party

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11
Q

Free Vote

A

In special circumstances, MPs can vote against their political party (this only happens with controversial cases)

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12
Q

Referendum

A

A type of “direct democracy” within Canada’s government where the citizens take a vote on whether or not they want a law to be passed- this is BINDING- meaning, the government has to listen to the results

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13
Q

Plebiscite

A

A type of “direct democracy” within Canada’s government where the citizens take a vote on whether or not they want a law to be passed- this is NOT binding- meaning the government does NOT have to listen to the results

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14
Q

Consensus

A

A type of decision making where everyone must agree

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15
Q

Lobbying/Interest Groups

A

Companies will hire a lobbyist (lobbying) to promote their ideas on the MPs sitting in the House of Commons to convince them to vote in favour of the ideals of the company

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16
Q

1917 Conscription Crisis

A

Quebec was angry at Canada for forcing conscription on its citizens during WWI - protest and riots happened that ended-up killing Quebecois citizens

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17
Q

The War Measures Act

A

Used in WWI and WWII to limit rights and freedoms in Canada during times of war - it was also used during the FLQ Crisis

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18
Q

FLQ Crisis

A

Quebec wants to separate from Canada, the FLQ (extremist party) Kidnaps important people, and the government of Canada uses the War Measures Act to impose consequences

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19
Q

The Emergencies Act

A

Comes after the War Measures Act - It is used in times of emergency to limit rights and freedoms (Covid-19)

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20
Q

Anti-Terrorism Act

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A

An act that limits rights and freedoms with the aim of preventing terrorism in Canada. Comes after 9/11

21
Q

Authoritarian Political Systems

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A

Power is held by the leader, rights and freedoms are limited, media and elections are controlled (Hitler, Stalin, Putin, North Korea)

22
Q

Absolute Monarchies

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A

Type of government where a person is born into leadership typically because they are “royal”

23
Q

Minority Tyrannies

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A

Form of government where the smallest group (minority) has the majority of the power - South Africa/Apartheid

24
Q

Apartheid

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A

Time period in South Africa where the majority of the people (black Africans) did not have the same rights and freedoms as white africans (minority).
NELSON MANDELA becomes the first black leader and gets rid of Apartheid

25
Military Dictatorship
Type of authoritarian government where military leaders control politics and government
26
3 branches of government
Executive, Legislative, Judicial
27
Which branch of government has the House of Commons and Senate?
Legislative
28
How are Senators chosen?
They are chosen by the Prime Minister on advice of the Governor General
29
How are laws passed in Canada?
The majority of the people in the HOC has to agree on the law before it is passed on to the Senate. If the Senate agrees, the Governor General signs off (royal assent)
30
Criticisms of Canadian Government (not liberal)
-Representation by population is unfair -Party solidarity should not be required -Canada should not be tied to the British Monarchy -The Governor General being chosen by the Prime Minister does not reflect “the will of the people -The senate has final say on laws which is too much say -The senate is not elected by the people-they will always vote in favour of the political party that elected them -Senate members don’t have to show up for every session - and they still get paid
31
Positive of Canadian Government (liberal)
-A minority government allows for cooperation in the government -Canada allows for multiple political parties -The Senate is evenly distributed through Canada and can represent the minority of citizens -Senators are often chosen because of their knowledge -Representation by Population reflects what the majority wants -Representative governments take less time than Direct democracies
32
What are the Rights/Freedoms in the Charter?
Fundamental Freedoms (Expression, opinion, religion), Equality Rights, Legal Rights, Mobility Rights, Democratic Rights, Minority Language Rights
33
Constitutional Monarchy
we recognize the King as our official head of state The governor general represents the King for Canada,
34
Notwithstanding Clause
Both FEDERAL and PROVINCIAL governments have the power to create laws that limit individual rights- this is called the “Notwithstanding Clause” and it isn’t used very often
35
Collective Rights in Canada are provided to:
Indigenous, Anglophone, Francophone
36
Multiculturalism Act
Canada’s Multiculturalism Act was passed in 1988 (after the Charter) and aims to “preserve” and “enhance” multiculturalism in Canada. It does the following: → Officially recognizes the importance of Canada’s multicultural heritage → Recognizes Indigenous Rights → Although English and French are “official” languages, other languages can be spoken → All Canadians have equal rights → Recognizes that minorities in Canada have the right to preserve their culture
37
Economic Equality
A principle common to collectivist ideologies. Governments may try to foster equality through taxes and policies that make people more equal
38
Egalitarianism
-People should own the means of production -Guaranteed annual income to meet people's needs (Command/Planned)
39
Equality of Opportunity
-Minimum wage -No dissemination in hiring workers (Market)
40
Equitable Distrubiution of Income
-People with larger incomes pay higher taxes -All people should earn similar wages for similar work (Mixed)
41
Command/Planned Economy
What will be produced? - The government decides through planning what the needs are How? - Government or public owns factories and farms - there is no competition Who? - Government controls distribution based on needs. Prices are set by government planners Who makes the decisions? - Government
42
Mixed Economy
What will be produced? - Supply, demand, and consumers decide what will be produced - government may step in for important goods/services How? - Private companies get to decide how these items are produced -government may intervene with subsidies (assistance) Who? - People who can afford to purchase these goods and services will be able to have them - government will provide a social safety net Who makes the decisions? - Businesses, entrepreneurs, and consumers AND the government
43
Market Economy
What will be produced? - Supply, demand, and consumers decide what will be produced How? - Private companies get to decide how these items are produced Who? - People who can afford to purchase these goods and services will be able to have them Who makes the decisions? - Businesses, entrepreneurs, and consumers
44
Pros and Cons to Command Economy
Pros: People have what they need, efficient, goals of society are met, if society prospers then the individual will too Cons: Consumers may not have what they want, People has way less choices of career, no incentive to work hard,
45
Pros and Cons to Market Economy
Pros: competition creates better quality and prices, technology innovation, workers are motivated, Cons: wage gap, economy goes through boom and bust cycle, unemployment, monopolies,
46
Pros and Cons to Mixed Economy
Pros: More stable than a free market, government can help where needed, personal choice and motive is still included, Cons: Higher taxes than free market, less freedom compared to free market, more reliance on government
47
New Deal
During the Great Depression, president Roosevelt created the "New Deal" which had the government step in and address the economic situation in the USA - this was a shift to the left (more government)
48
Monopolies
One business or company owns all of the production of a product or service which usually results in extremely high prices

Social 30 (4 decks)

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