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Unit 1/2 Flashcards

1
Q

Psychology

A

The scientific study of the mind and behavior

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2
Q

Physiology

A

The branch of biology that studies, the way, living organism’s body functions

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3
Q

Empiricism

A

The idea that knowledge come from experiences and that experimentation allows us to gain a scientific knowledge

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4
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

Known as the father of psychology, he started the first psychology lab in Leipzig Germany

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5
Q

Margaret Floy Washburn

A

She was the first woman to receive a PhD in psychology

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6
Q

Mary Whiton Calkins

A

She was the first woman to complete all the requirements for her PhD in psychology, but she was denied the degree because she was a woman

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7
Q

Dorothea Dix

A

She lobbied Congress to create the first generation of mental asylums in the United States

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8
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

He was the founder of psychoanalysis and believe the unconscious mind was responsible for behavior, believed in taking therapy

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9
Q

G Stanley Hall

A

He helped found American psychology association started the first psychology laboratory in the US

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10
Q

William James

A

He was the founder of functionalism

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11
Q

John B Watson

A

He was one of the founders of the behaviorist movement and is known for the infamous little Albert experiment

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12
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Introduce the theory of evolution by natural selection

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13
Q

Structuralism

A

The whole can be understood by examining its parts, breaks down the human mind to its most basic components

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14
Q

Functionalism

A

Examines the function of the human mind what purpose does it serve

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15
Q

Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic

A

Focus on the cause, development, and treatment of abnormal behavior emphasize unconscious mind

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16
Q

Behavioral perspective

A

a theory suggesting that environment shapes human behavior

How we learn observable responses

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17
Q

Cognitive perspective

A

Studies how thinking and perception influence behavior

How we encode process store and retrieve information

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18
Q

Humanistic

A

Peoples potential and drive to be the best

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19
Q

Sociocultural

A

Impact people, culture, religion, ethnicity, gender, income level, and overall environment on a persons thinking and behavior

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20
Q

Biological

A

How genetics, the nervous system, hormones, and the brain structures influence a persons thinking and behavior

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21
Q

Evolutionary

A

Charles Darwin
emphasizes how evolution influences thinking, and behavior

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22
Q

Biopsychosocial

A

Emphasizes that biological psychological and social forces all influence behavior

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23
Q

School psychologist

A

A psychologist who works in schools and test students for learning and emotional struggles. They help create individualized education plans for students with learning and emotional struggles.

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24
Q

Psychiatrist

A

Mental doctor, who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness. They typically prescribe medication to treat mental illness.

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25
Positive psychology
The field studies, human flourishing with the goal of discovering and prompting a person, strengths, focuses on both individual and society well-being
26
industrial- organizational psychology
This field applies psychological training to the workplace. Helps companies select and train employees, boost morale and productivity, design products, and implement systems.
27
Counseling psychologist
A type of psychologist who assists people with personal problems, often related to school, work, relationships, etc. Can treat people with mental disorders, but this is not their specialty.
28
cognitive Neuroscience
This field studies the biological processes (brain structures/neural networks) involved in cognition (thinking, perceiving, memory, etc.).
29
Developmental psychology
This field studies how people change and develop over their lifespan.
30
Personality psychology
This field studies people's characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting.
31
Clinical psychology
A type of psychologist who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. Provides counseling/therapy, and does not prescribe medication.
32
Social psychology
This field studies how we think about, influence, and relate to other people.
33
experimental Psychology
This field uses experiments to study human thought and behavior.
34
applied research
This is a type of research that is conducted in order to solve a particular problem, not just to learn something new.
35
human factors psychology
This field studies the interplay between humans and technology/machines.
36
Psychometrics
This field focuses on the construction of assessment tools, measurement instruments, and formal models that can be used in research studies or clinical settings.
37
health psychology
This field examines how biological, social, and psychological factors influence health and illness.
38
Inferential statistics
Generalizing data of a larger population off of a small certainty
39
Statistical Significance
How likely a statistic occurred by chance
40
P- Value
determines if a study rejects nUll hypothes's
41
Null Hypothesis
when there is no relationship between Statistical observation
42
Meta-analysis technique
Analysis of multiple studies to find a solution to a problem
43
Ethics/general principle
Ethics concern, the morals of an experiment
44
Institutional review board
National board of review to accept experiments
45
Informed consent
Participants willingly aware of their participation
46
Discontinuing participation
Participants are allowed to drop out of the study at any time without a penalty
47
Confidentiality
Idea that date is concealed
48
Deception
Misleading/concealing info, to guide people in a certain way
49
Debriefing
The process of giving participants in a completed research project information about what they participated in
50
Animal testing
Use of products, processes on animals
51
Statistics
Numeric value that determines quantity/frequency of event
52
Descriptive statistics
Stats that describe a population
53
Frequency distribution table
Shows how often an event occurs
54
Histogram
Uses dates in quantities
55
Mean “average”
Add all numbers and divide by how many numbers there are
56
Median “middle”
Number in the middle of data
57
Mode
Number that occurs most often
58
Range
Highest number, subtracted by lowest number
59
Standard deviation
Measures the deviation for the mean
60
Z scores
measures how many standard deviations a data point is from the mean in a distribution
61
Skewed data
An outlier is just proportionately affecting the mean, if you have the score stretch out away from the group like a tale, the skew is named for the direction of the tail
62
Normal distribution
Data is distributed equally
63
Negative Skew "Skewed Left" more data
More data is on the right
64
Positive Skew "Skewed Right"
more data is on the left
65
Martin seligman
Founded positive psychology
66
Albert Ellis
Creator of rational, emotional behavior therapy
67
Jean Piaget
Develop theory that children’s cognitive abilities process through four stages
68
Tichenor
Used introspection to search for the minds structural elements
69
Albert Bandura
Bubba experiment children learn by observation
70
Maslow
Hierarchy of needs Physiological, safety belong, belonging this, esteem, self actualization
71
Rogers
Humanistic, personality, and behavior
72
BF Skinner
Skinnerbox rat conditioning reward operate
73
Behavior
How someone acts response to things that are happening?
74
Mental processes
Internal subjective experience as we observe from behavior Ex: sensations perceptions, dreams, thoughts, beliefs, and feelings
75
Perspectives
Approaching/interpretations of psychology that health professionals understand the individual
76
Evolutionary perspective
How natural selection of treats, his promoted the survival genes
77
Psychodynamic perspective
How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts

Psychology (6 decks)

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