Unit 1 - 7

Question 1

Drugs in Cannabis (2)

Answer 1

1. Delta-9 THC
2. Cannabidiol (CBD)

Question 2

Cannabis Pros (6)

Answer 2

1. Relaxation
2. Anxiolytic
3. Anti nausea
4. Seizure reduction
5. Stimulate appetite
6. Fight chronic pain

Question 3

Cannabis Cons (3)

Answer 3

1. Respiratory problems
2. Cognitive decline
3. Hyperemesis

Question 4

Cannabis receptor

Answer 4

CB1 (brain)
CB2 (periphery)

Question 5

Body’s own (endogenous) cannabis

Answer 5

Anandamide (AEA)
(Act on reward)
(Can be found in cocoa, reuptake inhibited by black pepper)

Question 6

Stimulants definition

Answer 6

Push nervous system towards excited, alert state

Question 7

Stimulants (4)

Answer 7

1.Nicotine
2.Caffeine
3.Cocaine
4.Amphetamines

Question 8

Nicotine

Answer 8

Acetylcholine receptor; effects muscle contractions, increased heart rate and alertness
Act on ventral tegmental (reward/pleasure)

Question 9

Caffeine

Answer 9

Blocks Adenosine receptor, drowsiness
Increase amount of ACh, dopamine, norepinephrine

Question 10

Cocaine

Answer 10

Prevent reuptake of monoamine neurotransmitters (dopemine, norepinephrine)
Elevated heart rate, body temp., stroke, loss of gray matter

Question 11

Amphetamines

Answer 11

Effect dopamine, norepinephrine
Increase nt release, block reuptake, inhibit nt breakdown

Question 12

Stimulant and Depressant

Answer 12

Alcohol

Question 13

Alcohol

Answer 13

GABA receptors, Reduce anxiety. Activates dopaminergic pathways (pleasure)

Question 14

Hallucinogen

Answer 14

Affect serotonin is visual cortex (alter perception of things that are there)

Question 15

Hallucinogens (5)

Answer 15

1. Muscarin
2. Mescaline
3. Salvia divinorum
4. LSD
5. Psilocybin (mushrooms)

Question 16

Muscarin

Answer 16

Acetylcholine receptors

Question 17

Mescaline

Answer 17

Norepinephrine + serotonin receptors

Question 18

Salvia divinorum

Answer 18

Opioid receptors

Question 19

LSD

Answer 19

Serotonin receptors (visual cortex)

Question 20

Psilocybin (mushrooms)

Answer 20

Serotonin receptors (visual cortex, disinhibition of emotional processing in Limbic system

Question 21

How hallucinogens work: ketamine

Answer 21

Block NMDA receptors (glutamate receptor) (feeling of depersonalization and detachment)

Question 22

How hallucinogens works: MDMA/ Ecstacy

Answer 22

Acts on serotonin and dopamine systems, increase hormone production (prolactin, oxytocin)(increase empathy)

Question 23

Models Of Substance abuse (4)

Answer 23

1. Moral
2. Disease
3. Physical dependence
4. Positive reward

Question 24

Moral model

Answer 24

Character flaw, personal weakness
Doesn’t address neurobiological roots of addiction, non scientific

Question 25

Disease model

Answer 25

Pathological states that lead to become addicted Genetic evidence of predisposition, doesn’t explain how addiction arises

Question 26

Physical dependence model

Answer 26

Addicted cause of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms and mental dysphoria Not always a direct correlation between onset of withdrawal and onset of abuse

Question 27

Positive reward model

Answer 27

Addicted to reinforce positive feelings Most accurate

Question 28

Brain areas involved in addiction (2)

Answer 28

1. Dopaminergic pathway from the VTA to the nucleus accumbens 2. Insula

Question 29

Dooaminergic pathway

Answer 29

Reward system, drugs = abnormally powerful rewards

Question 30

Insula

Answer 30

Addiction, craving, pleasure

Question 31

Medical interventions for substance abuse (5)

Answer 31

1. Lessening discomfort of withdrawal and cravings 2. Providing alternative to drug 3. Blocking actions of drug 4. Altering metabolism of drug (changing breakdown) 5. Blocking brain’s reward circuitry