Unit 1 Cartilage

Question 1

Cartilage Types

Answer 1

• Hyaline/articular
• Elastic
• Fibrocartilage

Question 2

Hyaline/Articular Cartilage

Answer 2

• Most abundant
• Weakest
• Smooth surface
• Flexibility & joint support
• Dense viscoelastic connective tissue
• Covers articulating ends of bones
• Within synovial joints
• No blood/neurological supply
• Metabolically active tissue

Question 3

Hyaline/Articular Cartilage Examples

Answer 3

• Articular cartilage
• Nose
• Bronchi
• Epiphyseal plate

Question 4

Hyaline/Articular Cartilage Function

Answer 4

• Distributes mechanical load
• Decrease stress/pressure on joint
• Reduce friction
• Minimizes wear
• Free movement of opposing joint surfaces

Question 5

Hyaline/Articular Cartilage Composition

Answer 5

• <10% cells (chondrocytes)
• 90% Extracellular mix

Question 6

Chondrocytes

Answer 6

• Extracellular matrix
  
  • Manufacture
  • Secrete
  • Organize
  • Maintain

Question 7

Extracellular Mix

Answer 7

• Interstitial fluid (water, lipids, electrolytes)
• Collagen
• Proteoglycans

Question 8

Elastic Cartilage

Answer 8

• Specialized tissue
• Elastic fibers
• Provides strength & elasticity
• Maintain shape of structures

Question 9

Elastic Cartilage Examples

Answer 9

• Epiglottis
• Outer ear
• Eustachian tubes

Question 10

Fibrocartilage

Answer 10

• Absorb shock
• Very durable
• Lots of collogen
• Support & join structures
• Strongest

Question 11

Fibrocartilage Examples

Answer 11

• Menisci
• Intervertebral disc
• Symphysis pubis

Question 12

Cartilage Zones

Answer 12

• Superficial
• Middle
• Deep

Question 13

Superficial Cartilage

Answer 13

• Distribute force

Question 14

Middle Cartilage

Answer 14

• Majority of fluid

Question 15

Deep Cartilage

Answer 15

• Connects cartilage & bone

Question 16

Cartilage Loading

Answer 16

• Compression of interstitial fluid
• Forces fluid out of cartilage on to joint capsule

Question 17

Cartilage Unloading

Answer 17

• Fluid flows back into cartilage
• Cartilage expands

Question 18

Avascular Cartilage

Answer 18

• Nutrition exchange

Question 19

Cartilage Injury

Answer 19

• Arthritis

Question 20

Osteoarthritis (OA)

Answer 20

• Gradual loss of joint cartilage
• Wear & tear
• Common cause hip & knee replacements
• Can be unilateral

Question 21

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Answer 21

• Inflammation of joint lining (synovial membrane) & cartilage
• Autoimmune disease
• Cartilage degrades
• Fibrous tissue joins exposed bones
• Bones are then immovable
• Bilateral