Unit 4 Knee Flashcards

1
Q

Femur Function

A
  • Transmits force from pelvis through knee
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2
Q

Tibia Function

A
  • Weight baring
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3
Q

Fibula Function

A
  • Rotational stability
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4
Q

Patella Function

A
  • Increase force production at joint
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5
Q

Joints of Knee

A
  • Femorotibial
  • Patellofemoral
  • Tibiofibular (proximal/superior)
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6
Q

Knee Joint

A
  • Combination of femorotibial & patellofemoral joints
  • Shared joint capsule
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7
Q

Knee Functions

A
  • Transition zone (connects thigh to shank)
  • Standing & locomotion (stability/mobility)
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8
Q

Stability/Mobility Factors

A
  • Shape & arrangement of articulating surfaces
  • Ligaments crossing joint
  • Tone of surrounding muscles
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9
Q

Bony Contacts

A
  • Low stability
  • Small area
  • High force transmission
  • Femoral condyle & tibial plateau
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10
Q

Menisci

A
  • Deepen & stabilize articulating surfaces
  • Fibrocartilage absorbs shock
  • Protects hyaline cartilage & bone
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11
Q

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)

A
  • Attached to medial meniscus
  • No space between
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12
Q

Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)

A
  • Separated from lateral meniscus
  • Connects femur to fibula
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13
Q

Cruciate Ligament Characteristics

A
  • Midline of joint
  • Crossed
  • Named based on tibial attachment
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14
Q

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

A
  • Attachment at anterior tibia
  • Attachment at posterior femur
  • Intracapsular
  • Extrasynovial
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15
Q

ACL Function

A
  • Prevents femur from moving posteriorly on tibia (foot planted)
  • Prevents tibia moving anteriorly under femur (free foot)
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16
Q

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

A
  • Attachment at posterior tibia
  • Attachment at anterior femur
17
Q

PCL Function

A
  • Prevents femur moving anteriorly on tibia (foot planted)
  • Prevents tibia from moving posteriorly under femur (free foot)
18
Q

PCL Rupture

A
  • Hyperextension of knee
  • Blow to tibial tuberosity
  • Moves tibia posteriorly on femur
19
Q

ACL Rupture

A
  • Rotation of knee (foot medial & thigh lateral)
  • Blow to lateral femur
20
Q

Unhappy Triad

A
  • Tearing of MCL, ACL, medial meniscus
21
Q

Patellar Dislocation

A
  • Laterally
  • Pull on vastus lateralis
  • Resisted by vastus medialis & high lateral femoral condyle
22
Q

Knee Movements

A
  • Flexion/extension
  • Minimal rotation
23
Q

Standing

A
  • Knee joint locks
  • Promote stability & efficiency
24
Q

Mechanisms of Standing

A
  • Femur internally rotates
  • Greater translation of medial femoral condyle
25
Unlock Knee
- Femur rotates laterally
26
Popliteus Muscle
- Triangular shaped - Lateral aspect of femur - Attaches to medial tibia
27
Popliteus Muscle Function
- Unlocks knee - Rotation of tibia & femur in opposite directions
28
Popliteus Innervation
- Tibial nerve
29
Patella
- Largest sesamoid bone - Exists within tendon - Extends moment arm of quads (further from joint line) - Increased force produced when moving shank
30
Muscle Groups Acting on Knee
- Anterior thigh - Posterior thigh - Medial thigh - Shank - Popliteus
31
Shank Muscles
- Gastrocnemii - Plantaris
32
Knee Bursa
- Provide protection to tendon & skin crossing bony elements - Fluid filled sacs - Reduce friction
33
Subpatellar Bursa
- Protect patella from femur
34
Prepatellar Bursa
- Protect skin from anterior knee (knee bending)
35
Infrapatellar Bursa
- Superficial and deep locations - Protect patellar tendon