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D&D Drugs > Unit 1 Drug Summaries > Flashcards

Unit 1 Drug Summaries Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin G

A

cell wall syn inhibitor - bacteriCIDAL
IM/IV, renal excretion
gram - cocci
rash, anaphylaxis

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2
Q

Penicillin V

A

cell wall syn inhibitor- bacteriCIDAL
good po, renal excretion
gram + rods
rash, anaphylaxis

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3
Q

Penicillinase-resistant

A

cell wall syn inhibit- bacteriCIDAL
po, renal excretion
MSSA, skin infections
rash, anaphylaxis

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4
Q

Amoxicillin

A

cell wall syn inhibit, bacteriCIDAL
good po, renal excretion
gram - rods, gram + cocci
diarrhea, CDAD possible

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5
Q

Antipseudomonal

A

cell wall syn inhibit, bacteriCIDAL
IV only, renal excretion
Pseudomonas, Bacteroides

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6
Q

Cephalexin

A

cell wall syn inhibit, bacteriCIDAL
good po, renal excretion
gram + cocci, gram - rods
diarrhea

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7
Q

Ceflacor, Cefuroxime

A

cell wall syn inhibit, bacteriCIDAL
good po, renal excretion
gram - rods, Bacteroides
CDAD possible, enhance Warfarin

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8
Q

Cefdinir, Ceftriaxone

A

cell wall syn inhibit, bacteriCIDAL
good po/CNS penetration, renal
expanded gram - rods
CDAD possible

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9
Q

Vancomycin

A

cell wall syn inhibit, bacteriCIDAL
poor po, renal excretion
narrow spectrum gram + cocci (MRSA, C. diff)
chills/fever/rash/moniter Cp

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10
Q

Carbapenems

A

cell wall syn inhibit, bacteriCIDAL
IV, renal excretion
wide-spectrum for multi-drug resist
n/v, diarrhea, seizures

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11
Q

Azythromycin

A

protein syn inhib (50S) bacteriostatic
po daily, biliary excrete
gram - rods bacilli
GI, DDI: inhib P450 metabolism

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12
Q

Doxycycline

A 
protein syn inhib (30S) bacteriostatic
po, renal excretion
broad spectrum, CA-MRSA
abn bone/tooth develop, fungal infect
DDI with metal cations
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13
Q

Minocycline

A 
protein syn inhib (30S) bacteriostatic
po,biliary excretion
broad spectrum, CA-MRSA
abn bone/tooth develop, fungal infect
DDI with metal cations
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14
Q

Clindamycin

A

protein syn inhib (50S) bacteriostatic
good po/IV
narrow spectrum gram + anaerobes CA-MRSA
severe diarrhea/pseudomembranous colitis

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15
Q

Aminoglycoside

A

protein syn inhib (30S) bacteriCIDAL
IM/IV, accum in ear/kidney, renal excretion
narrow spectrum gram - aerobes
vestibular, auditory, nephrotoxicity

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16
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

protein syn inhib (50S) bacteriostatic
good po/IV, glucouronidation
broad-spectrum gram -/+
bone marrow toxicity, gray baby syndrome

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17
Q

Oxalidinones

A

protein syn inhib (50S) bacteriostatic
excellent po/IV, non-enzymatic oxidation
excellent gram + (reserve for multidrug resist)
well tolerated

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18
Q

Streptogamins

A

protein syn inhib (50S) bacteriostatic
IV only, biliary excretion
excellent gram + (reserve for multidrug resist)
infusion pain/phlebitis, inhibits CYP3A4

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19
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

inhibits DNA gyrase, bacteriCIDAL
good po, renal extcretion
excellent gram -
well tolerated, CDAD possible

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20
Q

Levofloxacin

A

inhibits DNA gyrase, bacteriCIDAL
good po, renal exctretion
excellent gram -/+
well tolerated, CDAD possible

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21
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

bacterial DNA damage, bacteriCIDAL
rapid GI, kidney absorp - urinary antiseptic
1st line UTI agent
GI side effects

22
Q

Metronidazole

A

interfere w/ bac DNA fxn, bacteriCIDAL
po, hepatic metabolism
aerobic bacteria, protozoa
nausea, headache, GI distress

23
Q

Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim

A

inhibit folate metabolism, bacteriCIDAL
good po/IV, hepatic/renal elimination
broad spectrum gram -/+, CA-MRSA
hypersensitivity skin rxns

24
Q

Isoniazid

A

inhibit cell wall syn, bacteriCIDAL
po, acytylation metabolism
TB
alleric rxns, hepatotoxicity

25
Rifampin
inhibit RNA polymerase, bacteriCIDAL good po, hepatobiliary TB + other bac liver inducer, orange-red secretions
26
Ethambutol
inhibits cell wall syn bacteriCIDAL po, renal/fecal excretion TB optic neuritis
27
Pyrazinamide
good po, hepatic metabolism TB hepatotoxic/hyperuricemia
28
Streptomycin
protein syn inhibit (30S) bacteriCIDAL IM TB 8th nerve toxicity
29
Amphotericin
forms ergosterol pores - lysis IV or topical, slow kidney excrete broad spectrum, systemic infections fever/chills, nephrotoxicity
30
Nystatin
forms ergosterol pores - lysis topical superficial Candidal infections well tolerated
31
Caspofungin
inhibits cell wall syn/assembly IV infusion, P450 inducers aspergillosis rash, pruritus
32
Fluconazole
selective inhibit fungal P450 IV/po, enters CNS, renal excretion Candidiasis well-tolerated
33
Terbinafine
inhibits squalene oxidase (no ergosterol) po/topical, hepatic P450 metabolism onychomycosis of finger/toe nails inhib CYP450, rash, headache
34
Flucytosine
inhib fungal thymidylate synthetase well absorb/distributed, renal excretion serious cryptococcosis/candidiasis n/v/skin rashes, bone marrow depression
35
Griseofulvin
inhibits fungal microtubules, mitosis poor po, +fatty meal severe dermatophytosis of skin/hair/nails hypersensitivity rxn
36
Acyclovir
inhibits viral DNA polymerase topical/po/IV Herpes HSV-1/HSV-2 minor n/v toxicity
37
Valacyclovir
inhibits viral DNA polymerase prodrug Herpes HSV-1/HSV-2 minor n/v toxicity
38
Entecavir
guanosine analog, inhib DNA polymerase po, renal excretion Hepatitis B well tolerated
39
Tenofovir
adenosine nucleotide analog, inhib DNA poly prodrug, kidney excretion Hepatitis B well tolerated, HSM with HIV
40
Interferon-α
inhib mRNA translate, increase degradation parenterally, renal elimination Hepatitis B flu-like symptoms
41
Ribavirin
inhibits viral RNA polymerase aerosol/po RSV / Hepatitis C systemic toxicity w/ anemia, bone marrow depletion
42
Telaprevir/Boceprevir
prevents formation of HCV replicase po w/ food Hepatitis C rash, anemia
43
Sufosbuvir
nucleotide inhib or HCV polymerase po, renal excretion Hepatitis C well tolerated, some fatigue, insomia, nausea
44
Emtricitabine
inhibits viral reverse transcriptase po, renal excretion, intracell t1/2 > plasma t1/2 backbone of HIV therapy best tolerated HIV med
45
Tenofovir
inhibits viral reverse transcriptase po, renal excretion, intracell t1/2 > plasma t1/2 backbone of HIV therapy well tolerated HIV med
46
Efavirenz
binds noncatalytic site, inhib reverse transcriptase po, HIV therapy, always in combo rash. headache, metabolic DDI's
47
Atazanavir
inhibits viral proteases po, inhib P450 enzymes HIV + base therapy for 2 NRTI's rash, bilirubinemia/jaundice
48
Darunavir
inhibits viral proteases po, inhib P450 enzymes HIV + base therapy for 2 NRTI's severe rash/SJ syndrome
49
Ritonavir
inhibits viral proteases po, POTENT inhib P450 enzymes HIV GI, hepatotoxicity
50
Raltegravir
inhibs enzyme for viral insertion to DNA rapid po, hepatic glucuronidation elimination base therapy wiht 2 NRTI's well tolerated, DDI: glucuronidation inducer
51
Enfuvirtide
prevents HIV fusion with gp41 cell entry BID SC injection, liver/kidney peptidases option for HIV pt with drug resistance injection site inflammation
52
Maraviroc
block HIV entry to CD4 cells po, fecal/renal excretion option for HIV pt with drug resistance mild GI, HA, URI, DDI with ART to CYP3A4

D&D Drugs (7 decks)

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