Unit 1 MATERIAL

Question 1

Plasma membrane permeability

Answer 1

NO: proteins, nucleic acids
YES: ions, nutrients, and wastes

Question 2

Carrier mediated transport

Answer 2

Facilitated diffusion and Active transport

Question 3

Non-carried mediated transport

Answer 3

Simple diffusion

Question 4

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 4

diffusion increases entropy

Question 5

Rate of Diffusion depends on (4)

Answer 5

Magnitude of concentration difference – the driving force for diffusion.
Permeability of the membrane to the molecules.
Temperature of the solution; higher temperature increases the rate.
Surface area of the membrane; increased by microvilli.

Question 6

Solutes that cannot cross a membrane and allow osmosis

Answer 6

Osmotically active

Question 7

Force surrounding a cell required to stop osmosis

Answer 7

Osmotic pressure. Larger pressure for larger solute concentration.

Question 8

Molarity

Answer 8

Moles solute/Liter solution

Question 9

Molality

Answer 9

Moles solute/Liter solvent

Question 10

Osmolality

Answer 10

Total molality of a solution when you combine all of the molecules within it. Different if particles dissociate in solution.

Question 11

Tonicity

Answer 11

The effect of a solute concentration on the osmosis of water

Question 12

When the water is drawn out of a cell it becomes

Answer 12

crenated

Question 13

GLUT1

Answer 13

CNS

Question 14

GLUT2

Answer 14

pancreatic beta cells and hepatocytes

Question 15

GLUT3

Answer 15

neurons

Question 16

GLUT4

Answer 16

adipose tissue & skeletal muscles

Question 17

Ca2+ pump

Answer 17

active transport of Ca2 out of cells into cytoplasm and creates strong gradient for rapid into cytoplasm and causes neurotransmitters and muscle contraction

Question 18

Na+/K+ pump

Answer 18

ATPase pumps out 3Na out and 2K in.
Energy for other coupled reactions.
Helps membrane potentials.
Maintains osmolality.

Question 19

Absorption

Answer 19

transport of digestive products across epithelium into the blood

Question 20

Reabsorption

Answer 20

transport of molecules out of the urinary filtrate back into the blood

Question 21

K+ is more highly concentrated __ the cell

Answer 21

inside/within

Question 22

Central nervous system is

Answer 22

Brain and spinal cord

Question 23

Peripheral Nervous system is

Answer 23

cranial and spinal nerves

Question 24

Multipolar neuron located entirely within the CNS

Answer 24

interneuron

Question 25

Neuron that transmits impulses from a sensory receptor into the CNS

Answer 25

Sensory neuron (Afferent)

Question 26

Neuron that transmits impulses from the CNS to an effector organ; for example, a muscle

Answer 26

Motor neuron (Efferent)

Question 27

Cablelike collection of many axons in the PNS; may be “mixed” (contain both sensory and motor fibers)

Answer 27

Nerve

Question 28

Nerve that stimulates contraction of skeletal muscles

Answer 28

Somatic motor nerve

Question 29

Nerve that stimulates contraction (or inhibits contraction) of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle and that stimulates glandular secretion. Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Answer 29

Autonomic motor nerve

Question 30

Grouping of neuron cell bodies located outside the CNS

Answer 30

Ganglion

Question 31

Grouping of neuron cell bodies within the CNS

Answer 31

Nucleus

Question 32

Grouping of axons that interconnect regions of the CNS

Answer 32

Tract

Question 33

Group of neurons in the CNS is called

Answer 33

NUCLEI

Question 34

Group of neurons in the PNS is called

Answer 34

GANGLIA

Question 35

Anterograde transport

Answer 35

from cell body to dendrites and axon

Question 36

Retrograde transport

Answer 36

from dendrites and axon to the cell body; uses dynein molecular motors

Question 37

Satellite cells do what

Answer 37

support cell bodies within the ganglia of the PNS

Question 38

form myelin sheaths around the axons of CNS neurons

Answer 38

oligodendocrytes

Question 39

migrate around CNS tissue and phagocytize foreign and degenerated material

Answer 39

microglia

Question 40

regulate the external environment of the neurons

Answer 40

astrocytes

Question 41

line the ventricles and secrete cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 41

ependymal cells

Question 42

the T cells of the immune system attack the myelin sheaths of the PNS. This produces rapid onset of symptoms that include muscle weakness

Answer 42

Guillain-Barre syndrome

Question 43

produced by an autoimmune attack by T lymphocytes causing lymphocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages to enter the brain and target the myelin sheaths causing demyelination.

Answer 43

Multiple sclerosis (MS)