Unit 3 QUIZ Flashcards by Rod Meyer

The presence of __________ in the circulatory system would be considered abnormal

Kreb’s cycle enzymes

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At rest the heart of an average human will pump ________ liters of blood per minute

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The lymph eventually enters the circulation by draining into two specific ___________

Veins

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The “buffy coat” that forms when whole blood is centrifuged in a test tube, is composed of ________________

White blood cells and platelets

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Blood clotting would not occur if the plasma was deficient in _____________

fibrinogen

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Erythrocytes lack

Both a nucleus and mitochondria organelles

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Aplastic anemia results in an abnormally low red blood cell count due to ______

destruction of the bone marrow, perhaps by chemicals in the environment or chemotherapy

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Which of the following does not belong to the class of granular leukocytes?

Lymphocytes

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Platelets release a chemical called________ that does what?

serotonin that constricts blood vessels

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Which of the following leukocytes usually accounts for less than 1% of white blood cells present

Basophils

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The endothelial cells of the blood vessel produce two important chemicals involved in hemostasis; prostacyclin and __________

von Willebrand factor

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Within the pulmonary circulation, the pulmonary arteries carry ______

oxygen-poor blood

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The atrioventricular (AV) valve is called

mitral valve, separates the left atrium and left ventricle, and is also called the bicuspid

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The semilunar valves _______

regulate the passage of blood from the ventricles into the pulmonary artery and the aorta

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The terms “systole” and “diastole” refer, respectively, to the ____

contraction phase and relaxation phase of the ventricles

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The second heart sound results from vibrations generated by the _______

closing of the semilunar valves at the start of diastole

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The SA node is the normal pacemaker of the heart because the SA node ____

depolarizes to its threshold potential before other pacemakers in the heart

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In a normal ECG tracing _________

The repolarization of the atria is hidden by the QRS wave

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Which of the following statements about arteries and veins is false?

Veins can collapse, serving as the blood vessel with the greatest resistance to blood flow in the circulatory system.

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T/F. A muscular wall called a septum prevents the mixture of blood between the left and right sides of the heart.

True

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T/F. The pressure is higher in the right ventricle during all stages of the cardiac cycle.

False

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T/F. Normally, both atria contract at the same time, followed by both ventricles contracting at the same time.

True

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T/F. An ectopic pacemaker (or ectopic focus) is a cluster of myocardial cells located away from the SA node that take over and regulate the cardiac pace.

True

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T/F. Compared to larger arteries, smaller arteries and arterioles are less elastic and have a thicker layer of smooth muscle for their diameters.

True

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T/F. "Fatty streaks" are gray-white areas that protrude from the tunica interna into the lumen of arteries and are the first signs of atherosclerosis and have been observed to a small degree in the aorta and coronary arteries by the age of 10 years.

True

Which of the following is not a broad area of function within the circulatory system?

neurochemical release

In the ABO system of red blood cell typing, which of the following genotypes would produce type O blood?

A person whose blood genotype is IAi has red blood cells with _________ antigens bound to the outer membrane surface and anti-_____ antibodies floating in the plasma.

A; B

Which statement about erythroblastosis fetalis (hemolytic disease of the newborn) is false?

The baby is born with an abnormally high number of red blood cells (anemia)

Which of the following events is the first to occur during the process of hemostasis after a blood vessel becomes injured?

The endothelial lining is damaged, exposing collagen proteins to the blood.

The most important ion involved in the blood clotting sequences is ________

Ca2+

At rest, each complete cardiac cycle lasts about 0.8 secs. of which diastole lasts _____ seconds and systole lasts ________ seconds.

0.5; 0.3

During one cardiac cycle, the major difference between the left and the right halves of the heart is that the ______

right heart pumps blood with less force (at lower pressure) than the left heart

Congenital septal defects are holes that form in the septum during the embryonic development of the heart - resulting in the abnormal flow of blood from _____________

the left side of the heart to the right

Action potentials in myocardial cells have a characteristic plateau phase, which is caused primarily by the ________

slow inward diffusion of Ca2+

Normal venous return relies upon all of the following except ______

standing upright, perfectly still

Pacemakers may be useful in treating _______

a third degree AV node block

The exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and the tissues occur in blood vessels called _______

Capillaries

Lymph contains all of the following substances except __________

red blood cells and platelets

T/F. Leukopoiesis is stimulated by cytokines.

True

T/F. Aspirin is an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis and would be expected to inhibit the platelet release reaction and slow the formation of a platelet plug.

True

T/F. Iron deficiency anemia is usually due to a dietary deficiency of iron.

False

T/F. During the isovolumetric contraction and isovolumetric relaxation phases, all four valves in the heart (both sets of AV and semilunar valves) are closed.

True

T/F. Myocardial contractions can be summed just like contractions of skeletal muscle.

False

The amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute is called _______

Cardiac output

The SA node depolarizes more frequently under the influence of ________

norepinephrine

Any mechanism that increases heart rate is said to have a positive ______ effect

chronotropic

The preload acting on a ventricle is equivalent to that chamber's ______

end-diastolic volume

The Frank-Starling law of the heart describes the relationship between ______

stroke volume, end-diastolic volume, and contraction strength

The contractility of heart muscle is its ______

contraction strength at any given fiber length

Edema could be caused by all of the following except ______

an elevated level of albumin in the blood plasma

Osmoreceptors regulating the release of ADH are found in the _____

hypothalamus

Low blood pressure stimulates the secretion of the Mineralocorticoid ________

aldosterone

Production of angiotensin II indirectly ______

raises the blood volume

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) helps to lower blood pressure and is secreted by the _____

heart

Of all the factors that can affect blood flow to a particular organ, the most effective and easiest to control from moment to moment is _______

vessel radius

Intrinsic control of blood flow refers to the _______

control of blood flow by metabolic products of the tissues

Arteriovenous anastomoses are found mainly in the _______

dermis of the skin

___________ is a polypeptide vasodilator produced by the sweat glands.

Bradykinin

A sphygmomanometer is used for ____

measuring blood pressure

Baroreceptors are specialized pressure receptors found in the ______

aortic arch

A severe infection could decrease blood pressure by causing _______

septic shock

T/F. Cerebral blood flow remains fairly constant at about 750 ml/min, in spite of changes in brain activity, blood pressure, and blood flow to other organs.

True

T/F. The net filtration pressure of the capillaries is equal to the hydrostatic pressure of tissue fluid outside the capillaries.

False

T/F. All of the fluid filtered by the capillaries of the kidneys is ultimately excreted as urine.

False

T/F. Decreased osmolality of the blood leads to decreased secretion of ADH.

True

T/F. The arteries that supply blood to the organs are generally in a series with each other than in parallel with each other.

False

T/F. If a person has an arterial blood pressure of 102/62, the mean arterial pressure would equal 82mmHg.

False

If someone's heart has a stroke volume of 70 ml and a heart rate of 90 beats/min, the cardiac output equals _____

6.3 L/min

Stroke volume is regulated by all of the following except ____

cardiac output

Contraction of the left ventricle of the heart at rest normally expels about ______ of the blood contained in the chamber.

60(--)70%

A positive inotropic agent is something that ______

increases the contractility of myocardial fibers

Veins are said to have a higher ____ than arteries because they expand more easily and a higher ___________ because they contain more blood

compliance; capacitance

The hydrostatic pressure of blood in a capillary is 19 mmHg and that of the tissue fluid is 1 mmHg, while the colloid osmotic pressure of the blood is 23 mmHg and that of the tissue fluid is 0 mm Hg, at this particular portion of the capillary, fluid is being _______ with a net force of __________.

taken up; -5 mmHg

According to the classic view of the Starling forces, capillaries usually tend to absorb fluid _______

at the venular end

Myxedema is a disease caused by hypothyroidism, which causes production of excessive amounts of glycoprotein in the Interstitial spaces. The effect of this on capillary fluid dynamics would be to cause ___

reduced osmotic return of fluid and thus accumulation of fluid in the tissues resulting in edema

During systole, the ventricular myocardium gets its oxygen supply mainly from ____

myoglobin

During exercise, the cardiac output may rise to five times the resting value. In most people this is due mainly to an increase in ______

heart rate

Cardiac output may drop when one goes from lying to a standing position because of _______

venous pooling

Pulmonary edema, shortness of breath, and fatigue are most likely to result from _______

left-sided congestive heart failure

T/F. All parasympathetic nerve fibers to the heart innervate the SA node.

False

T/F. Cardiac control centers in the medulla oblongata receive input from baroreceptors located in some of the arteries.

True

T/F. The heart's contractility is adjusted so that normally each ventricle expels all the blood contained in it, leaving none behind in the chamber.

False

T/F. Stroke volume is directly proportional to end-diastolic volume.

True

T/F. In spite of the fact that the systemic vessels cover substantially more total length than the pulmonary vessels, the same amount of blood must flow through both of these systems at a given time.

True

T/F. Since the veins contain most of the body's blood at any one time, they have a higher blood pressure than any other type of vessel.

False

Unit 3 QUIZ Flashcards

(86 cards)