Unit 1 Review - Psychology

Question 1

“what is the mind” (by Wundt)

Answer 1

structuralism

Question 2

studies the function of the mind, how it works (by Mary Calkins and James)

Answer 2

functionalism

Question 3

criticized James and Wundt for not considering the “whole self”

Answer 3

gestalt

Question 4

attempt to identify a relationship between 2 or more variables

Answer 4

correlation study

Question 5

involves following a specific, rare case with a great deal of detail (level of detail but can’t generalize)

Answer 5

case study

Question 6

what you’re seeing, what you’re feeling, what you’re thinking

Answer 6

introspection

Question 7

the view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes

Answer 7

behaviorism

Question 8

is necessary to identify a casual relationship

Answer 8

experiment

Question 9

involves subject self-report (quick and easy but could be biased)

Answer 9

survey research

Question 10

examines same individuals to detect changes that could occur over a period of time (change over time but takes a long time)

Answer 10

longitudinal study

Question 11

taking “cross-sections” of the population at one point in time (quickly get data but no change over time)

Answer 11

cross-sectional study

Question 12

person being studied could act a different way because they know they are being studied

Answer 12

Hawthorne effect

Question 13

research that explores questions that are of interest to psychologists, but are not meant to have immediate, real-world applications

Answer 13

basic research

Question 14

a scientific study in psychology that focuses on solving problems, curing illnesses, and innovating new technologies

Answer 14

applied research

Question 15

based on facts or evidence

Answer 15

theory

Question 16

explaining how you will measure a variable so that the replication of an experiment is easier

Answer 16

operational definition

Question 17

whatever the experimenter is manipulating

Answer 17

independent variable

Question 18

the variable which is measured

Answer 18

dependent variable

Question 19

an extra variable that’s not being studied that could get in the way/impact the data

Answer 19

confounding variable

Question 20

the group receiving no treatment to help establish the cause and effect

Answer 20

control variable

Question 21

selecting random people for research to increase the likelihood of a sample being representative

Answer 21

random assignment

Question 22

process where participants/subjects are chosen for participating in a study, but some choices may be biased to make the experiment work better

Answer 22

sampling bias

Question 23

the unconscious tendency for researchers to treat members of the experimental or control group differently because they know what the experiment is about

Answer 23

experimenter bias

Question 24

after hearing the research findings, people have the tendency to believe that they could have figured it out

Answer 24

hindsight bias

Question 25

measurements of "central tendencies" (mean, median, mode)

Answer 25

descriptive statistics

Question 26

allow you to make inferences about a random group

Answer 26

inferential statistics

Question 27

a normal curve that includes data about intelligence

Answer 27

normal distribution

Question 28

have to know what they're signing up for (deception is okay if absolutely necessary and explained after)

Answer 28

informed consent

Question 29

express a relationship between 2 variables (can be positive, negative, strong, or weak)

Answer 29

correlation

Question 30

dragged data (positive = mean > median)

Answer 30

skew

Question 31

add all the data then divide by how many there are to find the average

Answer 31

mean

Question 32

the number in the middle when listed out; center value in data (useful when there are outliers)

Answer 32

median

Question 33

revealing what the study was about

Answer 33

debriefing

Question 34

participants were told to give shocks to a person (didn't actually give shocks, but they didn't show that to the participant); researchers were seeing how much they would do if an "official" person told them to (unethical)

Answer 34

Milgram experiment

Question 35

the most common number/score (useful when data is clustered)

Answer 35

mode

Question 36

set up the first lab to study psychology in Germany and began structuralism (used introspection)

Answer 36

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 37

wrote the first textbook about psychology and began functionalism (analyzing purpose of behavior)

Answer 37

William James

Question 38

a social reformer dedicated to changing conditions for people who could not help themselves

Answer 38

Dorothea Dox

Question 39

the importance of past experiences / traumas that lead to unconscious conflicts and desires

Answer 39

psychodynamic psychology

Question 40

thinking, processing, problem solving, perceptions, storing information, and more (conscious processing)

Answer 40

cognitive psychology

Question 41

learned observed behaviors

Answer 41

behavioral psychology

Question 42

how humans grow / shrink with support

Answer 42

humanistic psychology

Question 43

impacting behavior from society

Answer 43

social-cultural psychology

Question 44

examining the natural selection having promoted certain genes

Answer 44

evolutionary psychology

Question 45

the role of the body and its physical structures / chemicals

Answer 45

biological psychology

Question 46

psychoanalysis (conscious and unconscious processes)

Answer 46

Sigmund Freud