Unit 5 Review - Psychology

Question 1

requires effort, requires attention, process new info

Answer 1

effortful processing

Question 2

not much attention needed, muscle memory, unconscious processing

Answer 2

automatic processing

Question 3

leads to better recall, considers the meaning of info

Answer 3

deep processing

Question 4

surface level, structural vs phonemic (sound), surface characteristics (sound of name and look of face)

Answer 4

shallow processing

Question 5

selecting what we want to pay attention to the most

Answer 5

selective attention

Question 6

like a pie chart, dividing our attention into different things

Answer 6

divided attention

Question 7

can only “hold” 7 items in your memory

Answer 7

short-term memory

Question 8

limitless memory

Answer 8

long-term memory

Question 9

conscious recall (in hippocampus) (episodic and semantic memories)

Answer 9

explicit memory

Question 10

without conscious recall (in cerebellum)

Answer 10

implicit memory

Question 11

receiving memory with sensory inputs (iconic and echoic memory)

Answer 11

sensory memory

Question 12

memory with something you see (not aware)

Answer 12

iconic memory

Question 13

memory with something you hear (not aware)

Answer 13

echoic memory

Question 14

a vivid long-lasting memory about a surprising/shocking event that has happened in the past

Answer 14

flashbulb memory

Question 15

episodes in life

Answer 15

episodic memory

Question 16

thinking about information repeatedly

Answer 16

maintenance rehearsal

Question 17

rehearsal of the meaning of the information

Answer 17

elaborative rehearsal

Question 18

remembering information with processing

Answer 18

encoding

Question 19

why the name of something makes sense with its meaning

Answer 19

semantic encoding

Question 20

memorizing something by breaking it down into chunks

Answer 20

chunking

Question 21

enhance retention and memory with an idea or phrase (ROYGBIV)

Answer 21

mnemonic device

Question 22

how people remember info in a list that is mentioned first or last

Answer 22

serial positioning effect

Question 23

remembering the last thing said

Answer 23

recency

Question 24

remembering the first thing said

Answer 24

primacy

Question 25

help you remember pieces of info (the more there are, the easier it is to remember)

Answer 25

retrieval cues

Question 26

specifically remembering info in the same place it was encoded

Answer 26

context dependent memory

Question 27

how what we can learn in one state (of mind) will be easier to recall in the same state (leaving keys somewhere when you're drunk --> forgetting where they are when sober --> remembering where they are when drunk again)

Answer 27

state dependent memory

Question 28

process of bringing info from stored memories to conscious awareness

Answer 28

recall

Question 29

noticing something you have learned before

Answer 29

recognition

Question 30

measures how much faster someone can learn material that has been previously learned then forgotten

Answer 30

relearning

Question 31

when it becomes harder to recall old info because of learning new info

Answer 31

retroactive interference

Question 32

when it becomes harder to recall new info because of old info in the past

Answer 32

proactive interference

Question 33

when someone is unable to recall their most recent memories / their general past (usually from a traumatic event)

Answer 33

retrograde amnesia

Question 34

when someone is unable to form new memories; past memories can be recalled (not aware of this)

Answer 34

anterograde amnesia

Question 35

repressing memories and forgetting them (conscious or unconscious) (defense mechanism)

Answer 35

repression

Question 36

an increase in a cell's firing potential after brief, rapid simulation (the strengthening of neural connections)

Answer 36

long-term potentiation

Question 37

the process where the brain turns short-term memories into long-term memories

Answer 37

memory consolidation

Question 38

a problem solving method which guarantees success, but takes a lot of time

Answer 38

algorithm

Question 39

a problem solving method which tries to solve problems quickly but doesn't guarantee success

Answer 39

heuristic

Question 40

(supporting our beliefs) confirmation, belief perseverance, halo effect, self serving, actor-observer, attentional, anchoring, hindsight, and framing effect

Answer 40

biases

Question 41

an obsessive drive that may or may not be acted on that involves an object, concept, or person

Answer 41

fixation

Question 42

set, practiced ways to solve a problem

Answer 42

mental set

Question 43

a person's recall of an event is negatively impacted and becomes less accurate due to info after the event (studied by Elizabeth Lotus)

Answer 43

misinformation effect

Question 44

the way a question is framed causes bias in our decisions

Answer 44

framing effect

Question 45

made the concept of general intelligence, where everyone has their own amount of general intelligence (G factor); factor analysis: clusters of related skills

Answer 45

Spearman

Question 46

a person's general intelligence that can be reflected in an IQ score

Answer 46

G factor

Question 47

made the concept of multiple intelligences: naturalist, linguistic, interpersonal, intraperitoneal, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, musical, and logical-mathematical

Answer 47

Gardner

Question 48

a condition where someone shows exceptional ability in a single skill but limited general mental ability

Answer 48

savant syndrome

Question 49

based on the average level of performance for a certain age (represents someone's cognitive ability)

Answer 49

mental age

Question 50

mental age, divided by actual age, times 100 (average=100)

Answer 50

IQ

Question 51

a tendency to only think of an object's most common use when there is a problem

Answer 51

functional fixedness

Question 52

describes how the results of the IQ test have gone up over time (because of access to more resources)

Answer 52

Flynn effect

Question 53

assesses someone's mental aptitudes

Answer 53

intelligence test

Question 54

tests how much could you know

Answer 54

aptitude test

Question 55

babbling stage, one-word stage, two-word stage, telegraphic speech

Answer 55

speech stages

Question 56

the idea that all children are born with the innate predisposition to learn language quickly

Answer 56

language acquisition device