Unit 2 Review - Psychology

Question 1

examines how our environment changes the way our genes are “expressed” without actually changing our DNA

Answer 1

epigenetics

Question 2

chemicals that when exposed to a mother lead to problems with a baby

Answer 2

teratogens

Question 2

genes that enable someone to reproduce

Answer 2

natural selection

Question 3

debate regarding the role of genetics vs the environment

Answer 3

nature vs nurture

Question 4

examples of teratogen effect if the mother consumes alcohol during the pregnancy, the baby will have cognitive difficulties

Answer 4

fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 5

chemical communication system, operates though glands that secrete hormones through our blood stream (hormones are produced)

Answer 5

endocrine system

Question 6

play a huge role in human development; travel through the blood stream so slower that fast electrochemical messages of the nervous system; last longer in the nervous system –> take a while to dissipate from bloodstream (testosterone, estrogen, norepinephrine)

Answer 6

hormones

Question 7

network of neurons; rapid signals communicate through action potential and neurons; central nervous system (brain and brain stem, “decision maker”); neurotransmitters

Answer 7

nervous system

Question 8

make up nervous system, communicate through neurotransmitters

Answer 8

nerves

Question 9

branch-like structures at the top of the neuron, receiving the message from the neuron before it

Answer 9

dendrites

Question 10

dendrite, cell body, axon, axon terminal

Answer 10

neurons

Question 11

tube where the message is sent in a neuron

Answer 11

axons

Question 12

wave of charges or “signals” down the axon

Answer 12

action potential

Question 13

neurons are all or none, they don’t fire only a little

Answer 13

all-or-none response

Question 14

space between the axon terminal and the dendrite

Answer 14

synapse

Question 15

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, increase serotonin in the synapse, agonist for serotonin (increasing)

Answer 15

SSRI

Question 16

extra neurotransmitters; they go back up the axon terminal

Answer 16

reuptake

Question 17

minimum amount of stimulus required to fire

Answer 17

threshold

Question 18

serotonin, dopamine, oxytocin

Answer 18

neurotransmitters

Question 19

decrease rate of operation (alcohol)

Answer 19

depressants

Question 20

increase rate of operation (cocaine)

Answer 20

stimulants

Question 21

modify rate of operation (shrooms)

Answer 21

hallucinogens

Question 22

drugs that mess with your psychology (mind, body)

Answer 22

psychoactive drugs

Question 23

drug that mimics neurotransmitters, stimulating a neuron

Answer 23

agonist

Question 24

(on dendrite) blocks neurotransmitters, inhibiting a neuron

Answer 24

antagonist

Question 25

connect spinal cord to the brain, controls reflexes and basic life functions

Answer 25

brainstem

Question 26

brain is in separate hemispheres (left side of the brain controls the right side of the body and vice versa)

Answer 26

split brain principles

Question 27

structures in the brain which are responsible for memories and emotion (amygdala and hypothalamus)

Answer 27

limbic system

Question 28

brain wound

Answer 28

lesion

Question 29

uses various magnetic fields and radio waves to create an image of the brains soft tissue

Answer 29

MRI

Question 30

uses a variety of x-ray photos to create the image of a 2D slice of the brain

Answer 30

CAT

Question 31

produces an image of the electrical activity or waves in the brain

Answer 31

EEG

Question 32

can show both the physical structure and the activity / function; allowed us to gain more insight into which parts of the brain are responsible for specific tasks / abilities

Answer 32

fMRI

Question 33

use glucose to monitor which parts of the brain light up when patients are given various tasks and produces color graphics; shows metabolism by the brain - less precise than fMRI; exposure to radiation - records brain activity

Answer 33

PET

Question 34

the brain is able to form new connections (not repair neurons) and change shape because of this; adaptations of the brain

Answer 34

plasticity

Question 35

our internal clock, controlling our temperature and wakefullness in 24 hour cycles; lets us know when we feel tired and sleepy; our thinking is sharpest, with memory being the most accurate when at our peak in circadian arousal

Answer 35

circadian rhythm

Question 36

the actual remembered storyline in a dream

Answer 36

manifest content

Question 37

underlying meaning of the dream

Answer 37

latent content

Question 38

vivid dreams occur, brain waves become rapid (beta waves); increase heart rate / breathing, rapid eye movements (NREM-1 --> NREM-2 --> NREM-3 --> REM --> Restart) (waking up during REM sleep can cause sleep paralysis)

Answer 38

REM sleep

Question 39

auditory and speech interpretation (understand language)

Answer 39

Wernicke's area

Question 40

movement for speaking (talking / responding)

Answer 40

Broca's area

Question 41

auditory, near ears; auditory cortex (hearing); facial recognition

Answer 41

temporal lobe

Question 42

part of the brain for planning, judgement, impulsiveness, speaking, personality traits; motor cortex (movement); sensory cortex (feeling, deals with the senses)

Answer 42

frontal lobe

Question 43

visual areas; visual cortex (seeing)

Answer 43

occipital lobe

Question 44

brain will develop specialized clumps for various purposes (adapts)

Answer 44

association areas

Question 45

structure in the back of the brain; responsible for coordinating muscle movements

Answer 45

cerebellum

Question 46

our spines contain a "gate" which allows or inhibits path signals from actually researching the brain; pain receptors activate small nerve fibers to open the "gate"; touch receptors partially block the "gate"

Answer 46

gate-control theory

Question 47

the "master gland" in the endocrine system; sends out messages (controlled by hypothalamus)

Answer 47

pituitary gland

Question 48

movement

Answer 48

motor cortex

Question 49

top of brain, part of the parietal lobe, behind motor cortex; processes sensory info

Answer 49

sensorineural cortex

Question 50

the primary "structure" in the endocrine system, oversees the release of hormones and is responsible for maintaining homeostasis

Answer 50

hypothalamus

Question 51

center of emotion and motivation; responsible for fear responses and learning out of fearful situations; involved in regulation of memory consolidation or turning a memory into a long-term memory; been linked to sexual agressive behavior and anxiety

Answer 51

amygdala