Unit 1 topic B with the goofy orbitals n stuff

Question 1

what are orbitals

Answer 1

an area of space around the nucleus where we are likely to find an electron

Question 2

what quantum number determines the main energy level and size of orbital

Answer 2

the principal quantum number (n)

Question 3

what quantum number determines the shape of the subshell

Answer 3

angular momentum quantum number (l)

Question 4

what quantum number determines the orientation of the orbital

Answer 4

the magnetic quantum number (ml)

Question 5

what quantum number determines the spin of the orbital

Answer 5

spin magnetic number

Question 6

what are atomic orbitals

Answer 6

the areas with a high probability of finding electrons

Question 7

what is the maximum electrons that an orbital can hold

Answer 7

2

Question 8

what is Aufbau’s principle

Answer 8

Electrons fill orbitals in order of increasing energy

Question 9

What is Pauli’s principle

Answer 9

in an atom no 2 electrons can have the same 4 quantum numbers and an orbital cannot contain more than 2 electrons and they must have opposite spin

Question 10

what is Hund’s principle

Answer 10

when electrons occupy degenerate orbitals, the electrons fill each one singly with spins parallel before pairing up

Question 11

define degenerate

Answer 11

same energy

Question 12

what are the orbitals within each subshell in an isolated atom

Answer 12

degenerate

Question 13

what is the special stability associated with half filled and full sub-shells

Answer 13

The more stable the electronic configuration, the higher the ionisation energy meaning those with full sub-shells are more stable and have a higher ionisation energy

Question 14

what can be used to predict the shape of molecules and polyatomic ions

Answer 14

Valence shell electron pair repulsion aka VSEPR

Question 15

what is spectroscopic notation

Answer 15

it is a type of shorthand used to represent the arrangement of the electrons

Question 16

define ionisation energy

Answer 16

the energy needed to remove 1 mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms

Question 17

what are quanta

Answer 17

the fixed amount of energy that electrons have

Question 18

how are electrons pairs arranged

Answer 18

to minimise repulsion and to maximise seperation

Question 19

what is the arrangement of electron pairs around a central atom for two electron pairs

Answer 19

linear

Question 20

what is the arrangement of electron pairs around a central atom for three electron pairs

Answer 20

trigonal planar

Question 21

what is the arrangement of electron pairs around a central atom for four electron pairs

Answer 21

tetrahedral

Question 22

what is the arrangement of electron pairs around a central atom for five electron pairs

Answer 22

trigonal bi pyramidal

Question 23

what is the arrangement of electron pairs around a central atom for six electron pairs

Answer 23

octahedral

Question 24

which has a greater repulsive effect, bonded pairs or lone pairs

Answer 24

lone pairs

Question 25

what accounts for the slight deviations from expected bond angles

Answer 25

the different strength of electron pair repulsion