Unit 1 Vocabulary Flashcards by Emmy Jones

A set of practices that meet the needs of the present without compromising future generation’s ability to meet their needs:

Environmental Sustainability

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Materials and substances like minerals, forests, water, and fertile land that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain:

Natural Resources

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The belief that climate and landforms are the most powerful forces shaping human behavior and societal/cultural development:

Environmental Determinism

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Acknowledges the limitations imposed by the natural environment, but focuses on the role of human culture to modify and respond to the environment to better fit human needs:

Possibilism

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3 examples of possibilism:

Palm Islands in Dubai
Hoover Dam
Terrace Farming

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Show large areas with small amounts of data (zoomed out):

Small Scale Maps

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Show small areas with large amounts of data (zoomed in):

Large Scale Maps

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List the categories for the scale of maps (7):

Global
Regional
State-Country-National
Sub-State (State)
County
City/Local
Census Tract

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Different ____ reveal _____ in spatial patterns:

Scales, variations

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General information/navigation/location:

Reference Maps

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List the 3 types of Reference Maps::

Political
Physical
Road

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States/countries/capitals:

Political Maps

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Natural features:

Physical Maps

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Highways, streets, etc:

Road Maps

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Use various colors, shades of one color, or patterns to show the location and distribution of spatial data:

Choropleth Map

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Each dot represents a specified quantity of a spatial characteristic:

Dot-Density Map

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Use symbols of different sizes to indicate different amounts of a variable:

Graduated/Proportional Region Map

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The sizes of countries are shown according to a specific variable. Area is distorted to show a variable:

Cartogram Map

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Use lines that connect points of equal value to depict variations in the data across space. Used for weather and elevation:

Isoline and Topography Maps

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Exact, precise
Address
Latitude and Longitude

Absolute Location

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Exact, precise
Miles/kilometers, feet
Map scale

Absolute Distance

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Relationship to another place:

Relative Location

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Spatial Interaction: Connections, contacts, movement, and flow of things between places:

Relative Distance

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Exact, precise
Cardinal directions: NSEW

Absolute Direction

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Remember, relative-relationships:

Relative Direction

1. Close together 2. Density: the number of something in a defined area

Clustering Pattern

1. Far apart 2. Distribution: the way something is spread out over an area

Dispersal/Distribution Pattern

Indication that 2+ phenomena may be related, associated, or correlated with one another:

Patterns and Spatial Associations

Map projections _________ ______ _________ in shape, area, distance, and direction:

Distort spatial relations

The process of a cartographer showing the curved surface of the earth on a flat surface:

Map Projection

Maps are ________ in what they portray - different projections are used for different _______:

Selective, purpose

What does SADD stand for?

1. Shape 2. Area 3. Distance 4. Direction

1. Direction 2. Shape 3. Purpose: Navigation 4. Preserves right angles of latitude and longitude

Advantages of Mercator Maps

1. Area distorted near poles 2. Increases size of high latitude areas

Disadvantages of Mercator Maps

1. Area of land masses are accurate 2. Repositions many countries to their rightful size

Advantages of Peters Equal Area Maps

1. Shapes are inaccurate near the poles 2. Vertically stretched near the equator

Disadvantages of Peters Equal Area Maps

1. No major distortions 2. Purpose: Compromise

Advantages of Robinson Maps

All aspects are slightly distorted:

Disadvantages of Robinson Maps

Minimizes distortion of the size and shape of land masses:

Advantages of Goode Homolosine Maps

1. Land masses appear large compared to oceans 2. Can't be used for oceanic travel

Disadvantages of Goode Homolosine Maps

1. What? 2. Where? 3. Why There? 4. Why Care? 5. Patterns

The Spatial Perspective

How do we described what a location is like?

Place

Factors that contribute to the uniqueness of a location?

Sense of Place

Physical artifacts that humans created which make up the landscape. Human produced:

Cultural Landscape

A location without a sense of place. No distinct attributes:

Placelessness

How do we describe where a place is located?

Location

Location's name - usually reflective of the culture and history of a place:

Toponym

Climate, water sources, topography, soil vegetation, and elevation:

Site/Physical Landscape: Environmental Features of a Location

Tropical latitudes are near the:

Equator

High latitude receive ___ sunlight, so these places are _____ year round:

Less; colder

_______ also impacts climate as well 1. _______ _____ = colder climate 2. _______ ______ = warmer climate

1. Higher Elevations 2. Lower Elevations

Close together:

Clustering

Far apart:

Dispersal/Distribution

Indication that 2+ phenomena may be related, associated, or correlated with one another:

Patterns and Spatial Associations

The process geographers use to divide and categorize space into smaller areas of analysis:

Regionalization

Connections, contacts, movement, and flow of things between places:

Spatial Interaction

The interaction between two places declines as the distance between the two places increase:

Distance Decay

The increasing sense of accessibility and connectivity which seems to bring humans in distant places closer together:

Time-Space Compression

The process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another:

Diffusion

The spread of culture and/or cultural traits by people who migrate and carry their cultural traits with them:

Relocation Diffusion

The spread of culture traits outward through exchange without migration. Requires a different person to adopt the trait:

Expansion Diffusion

The spread of culture outward from the most inter-connected places or from centers of wealth and influence:

Hierarchical Diffusion

Traits diffuse from a group of lower status to a group of higher status:

Reverse Hierarchical Diffusion

Occurs when a cultural trail spreads continuously outward from its hearth through contact among people:

Contagious Diffusion

When a specific trait is rejected, but the underlying idea is accepted:

Stimulus Diffusion

The act of an individual physically traveling to a location and recordin, firsthand, information there:

Fieldwork/Field Observations

List 4 Geospatial Technologies:

1. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) 2. Satellite Navigation Systems (GPS) 3. Remote Sensing 4. Online Mapping + Visualizations

Computer system that stores, analyzes, and displays info from multiple data sets. Thematic and physical layers:

GIS

Satellites orbit the earth and communicate locational info to GPS receivers (absolute location):

GPS

The use of cameras which orbit the earth above the atmosphere to collect digital images of earth's surface:

Remote Sensing

An area with one or more unifying characteristics or patterns of activity:

Regions

Types of regions (3):

Formal, Functional, and Vernacular/Perceptual

United by one or more specific traits (ESPEN):

Formal Region

What does the ESPEN acroym stand for?

Economic, Social, Political, ENvironmental

Free trade - common currency:

Economic Formal Region

Distribution of Muslim adherents is primarily clustered in SW and C Asia and North Africa:

Social Formal Region

The states and capitals in Europe:

Political Formal Region

The Sahara Desert: Desert which separates North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa:

Environmental Region

Organized around a central node (focal point) and the relationship is typically based around economics, travel, and communication:

Functional Region

Based on a person's perspective or perception of a certain location:

Perceptual/Vernacular Region

Unit 1 Vocabulary Flashcards

Topics: 1. Introduction to Maps 2. Geographic Data 3. The Power of Geographic Data 4. Spatial Concepts 5. Human-Environmental Interaction 6. Scales of Analysis 7. Regional Analysis (80 cards)