Unit 2 Vocabulary Flashcards
(90 cards)
1
Q
Two-thirds of the world’s 8 billion people are found in the following four regions:
A
Europe
South Asia
Southeast Asia
East Asia
2
Q
The habitable areas of the world:
A
Ecumene
3
Q
Total population/land area (square miles):
A
Arithmetic
4
Q
- Does not account for the uneven distribution of population within each country
- No clustering/dispersal info
A
Arithmetic Advantages/Disadvantages
5
Q
Total population/arable land:
A
Physiological
6
Q
The max. population size that can be supported with the available resources without damaging the environment:
A
Physiological Advantages/Disadvantages
7
Q
The max. population size that can be supported with the available resources without damaging the environment (Definition):
A
Carrying Capacity
8
Q
Farmers/Arable Land:
A
Agricultural
9
Q
- Compares the number of farmers to the area of arable land
- Better indicators of a country’s level of economic development rather than population distribution
A
Agricultural Advantages/Disadvantages
10
Q
High population density impacts access to housing, jobs, water, and services like sanitation, medical care, fire, police, public transportation and waste collection:
A
Social Services and Infrastructure
11
Q
What percent of the population are children? The elderly? Male? Female?
A
Population Structure
12
Q
Show the population Structure/composition of a location:
A
Population Pyramid
13
Q
Population pyramids are used to assess population ______ and ______ and to predict ______ for goods and services:
A
Growth, decline, markets
14
Q
The number of people in a dependent age group divided by the number of people in the working age group multiplied by 100:
A
Dependency Ratio
15
Q
Number of people not working:
A
A High Dependency Ratio
16
Q
- The elderly pay less income taxes
- Supported by a gov. sponsored retirement funds
- As life expectancy increases, so do healthcare costs
- Provide opportunities for employment in the eldercare industry
- Volunteer Work
A
Economic Impacts of an Elderly Dependency Ratio
17
Q
- Traditional families
- Living facilities for the elderly
- Provide social support to families
A
Social Impacts of an Elderly Dependency Ratio
18
Q
- Typically the most politically active group in many places
- Different perspectives on political issues
A
Political Impacts of an Elderly Dependency Ratio
19
Q
The proportion of males to females in a population:
A
Sex Ratio
20
Q
Factors that Determine a Population’s Growth and Decline:
A
- Fertility (Crude Birth Rate and Total Fertility Rate)
- Mortality (Life Expectancy, Crude Death Rate, Infant Mortality Rate)
- Migration
21
Q
The number of births occurring in one year er 1,000 people:
A
Crude Birth Rate
22
Q
Average # of children who would be born per woman during her childbearing years:
A
Total Fertility Rate
23
Q
The number of deaths occurring in one year per 1,000 people:
A
Crude Death Rate
24
Q
The # of children who die before on year of age:
A
Infant Mortality Rate
25
Natural Increase Rate:
1. Does not account for _______
2. Can be a _____ number, indicating population _____
3. Usually expressed in a ______
Migration, negative, percentage
26
Crude Birth Rate - Crude Death Rate/0 =
Equation for NIR
27
Population Growth Rate:
1. More _____ measure because it accounts for ______
2. Immigrants
3. Emigrants
Accurate, migration
28
(Births-Deaths) + (Immigrants - Emigrants) =
Equation for Population Growth Rate
29
The number of years in which a population will double assuming the growth rate remains stable:
Doubling Time
30
70/NIR =
Equation for Doubling Time
31
The study of population statistics:
Demography
32
Used by geographers to analyze and predict trends in population growth and decline, including patterns of birth deaths and natural Increase rates:
The Demographic Transition Model
33
Predictable stages in disease and life expectancy that countries experience as they develop which corresponds with the stages of the DTM:
The Epidemiological Transition Model
34
CBR: High
Reasons for CBR: Kids are not likely to survive long-term (need for child labor in agricultural societies)
CDR: High
Reasons for CDR: Short life expectancy, famine, poor diet, bad housing, disease, war
NIR: Low Growth
Pop Composition: Youth Dependency
Stage One of DTM
35
CBR: High
Reasons for CBR: Kids are not likely to survive long-term
CDR: Falls Rapidly
Reasons for CDR: Better nutrition, medicine, and sanitation
NIR: Rapid Growth
Pop Composition: Youth Dependency
Stage Two of DTM
36
CBR: Falling
Reasons for CBR: Urbanization reduces the need for child labor and increase in healthcare
CDR: Falls More Slowly
Reasons for CDR: Life expectancy increases due to progression from previous stages
NIR: Growth Slows
Pop Composition: People are surviving longer
Stage Three of DTM
37
CBR: Low Growth
Reasons for CBR: Urbanization reduces the need for child labor and increase in healthcare
CDR: Low
Reasons for CDR: Life expectancy continues to increase
NIR: Falls and then stabilizes
Pop Composition: Shifting to Elderly Dependency
Stage Four of DTM
38
CBR: Very Low
Reasons for CBR: Replacement level, 0 population growth
CDR: Low
Reasons for CDR: Most medically advanced
NIR: Negative/Very Low
Pop Composition: High elderly dependency ratio
Stage Five of DTM
39
1. Infectious diseases
2. Pandemics and epidemics
3. Animal attacks and accidents
4. Malnutrition
Stage One of the ETM
40
Pandemics and infectious diseases decline to new medical advances, sanitation, and improved nutrition:
Stage Two of the ETM
41
Diseases associated with aging and lifestyle choices:
Stage Three of the ETM
42
Diseases associated with aging and lifestyle choices can be delayed with medical advancements:
Stage Four of the ETM
43
Bacteria and parasites become resistant to antibiotics and vaccines. Reemergence of infectious diseases:
Stage Five of the ETM
44
1. Lives in England in the 1700s
2. Experienced the Industrial Revolution
3. 1798 published 'An Essay on the Principles of Population Growth'
Thomas Malthus
45
Population grows _____ while food output only grows ______. This would result in a _____ ______ and famine due to overpopulation:
Exponentially, arithmetically, food shortage
46
Factors that have slowed population growth:
1. Contraceptives
2. Education and advancement of women
47
1. Mechanized Farming
2. Hybrid Seeds
3. Chemical Fertilizer
Factors that have Increased the Efficiency of Farming
48
More _____ _____ to deliver food to a _____ _____ of consumer without _______:
Efficient travel, wider range, spoiling
49
_______ in trucks and railcars as well as ______ to preserve food:
Refrigeration, home
50
_______ ______ to preserve food for longer time periods:
Tin cans
51
Food supply is impacted directly by ________ ________. As population ________, humans will develop new ________ to also increase production of ____ ________:
Population growth, increases, technologies, food supply
52
Neo =
New
53
Concerns about ________ use of the ______ - the Earth's resources cannot only sustain a _______ ________:
Sustainable, environment, limited population
54
Decreasing ______ _____ in developed countries:
Birth Rates
55
Strain on natural resources:
1. _______ insecurity, ____________, __________ of air and water, etc
2. __________
3. __________ & ________
1. Water, desertification, pollution
2. Overconsumption
3. Famine and Starvation
56
Government programs designed to increase the fertility rate and accelerate population growth:
Pro-Natalist Population Policies
57
Pro-Natalist Population Policies Methods: (2)
Propaganda and Financial Support
58
Government programs designed to decrease the fertility rate and slow down population growth:
Anti-Natalist population Policies
59
Anti-Natalist population Policies: (3)
1. Propaganda
2. Financial Disincentives and Incentives
3. Family Planning and Contraception
60
The permanent or semipermanent relocation of people from one place to another:
Migration
61
The movement into a location:
Immigration
62
The movement away from a location:
Emmigration
63
N:
Push Factors
64
Positive conditions and circumstances of a location that encourages people to move to that place:
Pull Factors
65
Barriers that hold migrants back from continuing to travel:
Intervening Obstacles
66
An opportunity that causes migrants to voluntarily stop traveling:
Intervening Opportunity
67
1. Job loss
2. Lack of employment opportunities
3. Low wages
Economic Push Factors
68
1. Job opportunities
2. Higher wages
3. Season jobs
Economic Pull Factors
69
1. Discrimination, prejudice, persecution, and racism due to gender, ethnicity, and/or racism
2. Gender roles
Social Push Factors
70
1. Freedom and lack/less of discrimination, prejudice, persecution, and racism
2. Familial or kinship ties
Social Pull Factors
71
1. War
2. Repressive Laws
3. Discrimination
Political Push Factors
72
1. Peace
2. Asylum
Political Pull Factors
73
1. Natural Disasters
2. Drought
3. Crop Failure
4. Intense Climate
Natural Push Factors
74
Desirable climate and landscape:
Natural Pull Factors
75
Migration from one country to another country:
Transnational Voluntary Migration
76
Immigrants to a new country retain strong ____, _____, and ______ _____ to their country of origin:
Cultural, emotional, financial ties
77
Money sent back to migrants' country of origin - major economic flow:
Remittances
78
Migrants that travel within a country's borders:
Internal Voluntary Migration
79
Traditional migration of nomadic herd's that move their livestock from high Elevations in the summer and lower elevations in the winter:
Transhumance Voluntary Migration
80
Immigrants migrate to a location based off of the recommendation of or reunification with family members, friends, or community members that have previously migrated to that location:
Chain Voluntary Migration
81
Migration typically occurs in steps migrants reach their eventual destination through a series of smaller movements:
Step Voluntary Migration
82
Someone who has been forced to flee their home but never crosses and international borders:
Internally Displaced Persons
83
Immigrants are a source of _____ for less desirable and ___ ______ work:
Labor, low playing
84
Loss of trained or education people to emigration:
Brain Drain
85
Immigrants bring aspects of their home culture with them such a music, food, literature religion, language, art, etc:
Cultural Contributions
86
Stage 4 & 5 are low growth, _____ growth, or population _____:
Zero, decline
87
Most immigrants are working-age, which reduces the dependency ratios and provides tax support for the young and elderly:
Age Composition
88
Laws to restrict immigration oftentimes due to xenophobia or the desire to limit cultural diversity:
Immigration Restrictions
89
Laws that encourages immigration (2):
1. Guest Worker Programs
2. Family Reunification
90
The first law that severely restricted immigration in the US:
Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882-1943
