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ITAL Exam 4 > Unit 10 > Flashcards

Unit 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Fare definition and present-tense conjugations

A

fare means to make/do

  1. io = faccio
  2. tu = fai
  3. l/l/L = fa
  4. noi = facciamo
  5. voi = fate
  6. loro = fanno
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2
Q

Lasciare definition and present-tense conjugation

A

lasciare means to allow/let someone do something

conjugated like regular -are verb!

  1. io = lascio
  2. tu = lasci
  3. l/l/L = lascia
  4. noi = lasciamo
  5. voi = lasciate
  6. loro = lasciono
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3
Q

What’re infinitive constructions?

A

infinitive constructions are a conjugated verb + infinitive.

The conjugated verb is either

  1. followed by NOTHING (10 words-Amy)
    • sai suonare = you know how to play
  2. followed by preposition “a” (10 words-Alicia)
    • andiamo a comprare = we go to buy
  3. followed by preposition “di” (10 words-Carly)
    • spera di fare = she hopes to make
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4
Q

What does the infinitive verb mean?

A

it’s the present tense version of the verb.

it means:

  1. “to verb”
  2. “verb-ing”
  3. verb
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5
Q

For infinitive constructions, which verbs are followed directly by the infinitive (don’t need preposition)? (10)

A

*First Femme Mmemonic: Amy Desired MOney For Living in her Pink Paris Studio (10)

  1. Amare = to love
  2. Desiderare = to desire
  3. MOdal verbs = dovere, potere, volere
  4. Fare
  5. Lasciare
  6. Piacere = to please/like
  7. Preferire = to prefer
  8. Sapere = to know facts, info, skills
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6
Q

How do you form an infinitive construction in which one subject MAKES OR ALLOWS ANOTHER to do something?

eg. My mother used to make me play the piano

A

if the infinitive has a physical direct object (DO), subj. 2 becomes the indirect object pronoun in front

  1. “fare” + infinitive
    • subj. MAKES another do something
    • eg. mia madre faceva fare suonare piano = my mother used to make me play the piano
  2. “lasciare” + infinitive
    • subj. ALLOWS another to do something
    • eg. mia madre lascia esco con le mie amiche = my mother allows me to go out with friends
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7
Q

How to say “subject MAKES another do something”?

eg. My mother used to make me play the piano

A
  1. “fare” + infinitive means subj. 1 MAKES subj. 2 do something
  2. if the infinitive has a physical direct object (DO), subj. 2 becomes the indirect object pronoun in front
  3. eg. mia madre faceva fare suonare piano = my mother used to make me play the piano
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8
Q

How to say “subject ALLOWS another do something”?

eg. my mother allows me to go out with friends

A
  1. “lasciare” + infinitive subj. 1 ALLOWS subj. 2 to do something
  2. if the infinitive has a physical direct object (DO), subj. 2 becomes the indirect object pronoun in front
  3. eg. mia madre lascia esco con le mie amiche = my mother allows me to go out with friends
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9
Q

Review DO and IDO pronouns FC!

A

Done :)

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10
Q

For infinitive constructions, which verbs need the preposition “a” between it and the infinitive? (10)

verb + a + infinitive

A
  • Second Femme Pageantry Mmemonic (AACCIIPMVS)
    • Alicia the Angel Continued to Compete in International Invitationals, Preparing to Meet the Volunteers Serving as judges
  1. Aiutare = to help
  2. Andare
  3. Cominciare = to begin
  4. Continuare = to continue
  5. Insegnare = to teach
  6. Invitare = to invite
  7. Prepararsi = to prepare yourself
  8. Mettersi = to put on
  9. Venire
  10. Servire = to serve as useful for
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11
Q

For infinitive constructions, which verbs need the preposition “di” between it and the infinitive? (10)

verb + di + infinitive

A
  • Third Femme Pageantry Mmemonic (CCCDDDPRSS)
    • Carly Coveted the Crown, Deciding to Dance and Dj Pink for Required Skills Solo
  1. Cercare = to try
  2. Chiedere = to ask
  3. Credere = to believe
  4. Decidere = to decide
  5. Dimenticare
  6. Dire
  7. Pensare = to plan
  8. Ricordare = to remember
  9. Smettere = to stop
  10. Sperare = to hope
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12
Q

is afraid to (do verb)

eg. Sara is afraid to perform

A

“avere” paura di + infinitive

eg. Sara ha paura di recitare = Sara is afraid to perform

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13
Q

feel like (doing verb)

eg. We feel like listening to Lil Nas X

A

“avere” voglia di + infinitive

eg. Abbiamo voglia di ascoltare Lil Nas X = we feel like listening to lil nas x

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14
Q

intend to (do verb)

eg. Do you intend to watch il Palio?

A

“avere” intenzione di + infinitive

eg. Hai intenzione di guardare il Palio? = do you intend to watch the palio?

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15
Q

How do you say “is (adjective) of/to (verb)”

eg. I am happy to eat pasta with pesto
I am sad to eat fried foods

A

“ESSERE” + adjective + DI + infinitive

  1. Sono felice di mangiare la pasta con pesto
    • I am happy to eat pasta with pesto
  2. Sono triste di mangiare cibi fritti
    • I am sad to eat fried foods
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16
Q

amare definition and infinitive construction?

A

to love, NO PREPOSITION in the infinitive construction

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17
Q

desiderare definition and infinitive construction?

A

to desire, NO PREPOSITION in the infinitive construction

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18
Q

dovere definition and infinitive construction?

A

implies duty, to must.

NO PREPOSITION in the infinitive construction

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19
Q

lasciare definition and infinitive construction?

A

lasciare means TO LET/ALLOW

NO PREPOSITION in the infinitive construction

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20
Q

aiutare definition and infinitive construction?

A

aiutare means to help, use the PREPOSITION “A” in the infinitive construction

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21
Q

insegnare definition and infinitive construction?

A

insegnare means to teach, use the PREPOSITION “A” in the infinitive construction

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22
Q

mettersi definition and infinitive construction?

A

mettersi means to start

use the PREPOSITION “A” in the infinitive construction

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23
Q

servire definition and infinitive construction?

A

servire means to serve as useful for

use the PREPOSITION “A” in the infinitive construction

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24
Q

cercare definition and infinitive construction?

A

cercare means TO TRY

use the preposition “DI” in the infinitive construction

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25
chiedere definition and infinitive construction?
chiedere means to ASK use the preposition "DI" in the infinitive construction
26
credere definition and infinitive construction?
credere means (it's credible) to BELIEVE use the preposition "DI" in the infinitive construction
27
decidere definition and infinitive construction?
decidere means to DECIDE use the preposition "DI" in the infinitive construction
28
dimenticare definition and infinitive construction?
dimenticare means to FORGET use the preposition "DI" in the infinitive construction
29
pensare definition and infinitive construction?
pensare means to PLAN use the preposition "DI" in the infinitive construction
30
ricordare definition and infinitive construction?
ricordare means to (record it in your brain) REMEMBER use the preposition "DI" in the infinitive construction
31
smettere definition and infinitive construction?
smettere means to STOP use the preposition "DI" in the infinitive construction
32
sperare definition and infinitive construction?
sperare means to HOPE use the preposition "DI" in the infinitive construction
33
How do you form the passato prossimo of mettere and smettere?
1. mettere = messo 2. smettere = smesso 3. if they're reflexive, don't forget to use "ESSERE" and conjugate the past participle based on subject's gender/plurality!
34
How do you conjugate nouns that end in "-ma"? eg. problema, aroma, poema
1. They are MASCULINE 2. you have to use the masculine article/adjective 3. the plural is "-mi" eg. problemi, aromi, peomi
35
What're these definitions and how to conjugate? 1. clima 2. dramma 3. panorama
nouns that end in "-ma" are MASCULINE, so use the masculine ARTICLE/ADJECTIVE with them! 1. climate 2. drama, play 3. panorama, landscape
36
What're these definitions and how to conjugate? 4. problema 5. programma 6. tema
nouns that end in "-ma" are MASCULINE, so use the masculine ARTICLE/ADJECTIVE with them! 4. problem 5. program, plan 6. theme, essay
37
How do nouns and adjectives ending in "-ista" work? eg. dentista, violinista
1. "-ista" is their ONLY SINGULAR form! 2. for plural, conjugate "i/e" depending on gender eg. male dentists = dentisti, female violinists = violiniste
38
Which types of irregular nouns usually are MASCULINE in the singular and FEMININE in the plural?
1. most are BODY PARTS 2. plural: le is the definite article, and end in "-a" instead of e eg. 1. arms (il braccio -> le braccia) 2. fingers: il dito -> le dita
39
ears, singular and plural
1. l'orecchio | 2. le orecchie
40
hand, singular and plural
This noun weirdly blends both male and female articles + endings! 1. la mano 2. le mani
41
What's the gerundio?
the gerund - you use it to emphasize that an action is IN PROGRESS - means subj is VERB-ING (past or present) - eg. sto facendo compiti = I am doing homework
42
How do you form the gerundio/forma progressiva?
1. -are becomes -ando, -ere/ire becomes -endo ignore below for exam 4 2. present-tense: action is currently in progress - "stare" + gerund 3. past-tense: action was in progress - "imperfetto stare" + gerund 4. insert object/reflexive pronouns before "stare" or to end of the gerundio
43
form the past gerund with tu: 1. girare 2. dipingere 3. scolpire
* Remember past-tense structure: "imperfetto stare" + gerund 1. girare -> stavi girando 2. dipingere -> stavi dipingendo 3. scolpire -> stavi scolpendo
44
form the present gerund with noi: 1. bere 2. fare
* Remember bere, fare, dire, tradurre are IRREGULAR (Gerald is Doing a Translation to Italian to Say he's Drinking white claw!) 1. bere -> stiamo bevendo 2. fare -> stiamo facendo
45
form the present gerund with loro: 3. tradurre 4. dire
* Remember bere, fare, dire, tradurre are IRREGULAR (Gerald is Doing a Translation to Italian to Say he's Drinking white claw!) 3. tradurre (to translate) -> stanno traduCendo! 4. dire -> stanno dicendo
46
What're the irregular gerundio forms?
*Mmemonic: Gerald is Doing a Translation to Italian to Say he's Drinking white claw! These 4 irregular gerunds are similar to the imperfetto! 1. fare becomes facendo 2. tradurre (to translate) becomes TRADUCENDO 3. dire becomes dicendo 4. bere becomes bevendo
47
to translate and gerund conjugation
tradurre means to translate it has irregular gerund conjugation: TRADUCENDO
48
What's the forma progressiva?
1. It's the PRESENT tense form of the GERUND! 2. for an action is currently in progress 3. structure: "stare" + gerund - eg. sto facendo compiti = I am currently doing homework
49
What do you do in cases where an English word ending in -ing is used as the subject as sentence instead of the verb? eg. GOING to the cinema is my favorite pastime
Use the INFINITIVE version of the verb! eg. Andare al cinema è il mio passatempo preferito
50
Present Gerundio: What're the present-tense "stare" conjugations?
1. io = sto 2. tu = stai 3. l/l/L = sta 4. noi = stiamo 5. voi = state 6. loro = stanno
51
Past Gerundio: What're the imperfetto "stare" conjugations?
1. io = stavo 2. tu = stavi 3. l/l/L = stava 4. noi = staVAMO 5. voi = stavate 6. loro = STAVANO
52
What're "i numeri ordinali"?
1. the ordinal numbers are ADJECTIVES that indicate the ORDER AND RANK of things! 2. so you have to conjugate based on subject's gender and plurality - eg. first two films = primi due film
53
What're the ordinal numbers 1-10?
1. primo = first 2. secondo = second 3. terzo = third 4. quarto = fourth 5. quinto = fifth 6. sesto = sixth 7. settimo = seventh 8. ottavo = eighth 9. nono = ninth 10. decimo = tenth
54
How do you form the ordinal numbers? * VERY IMPORTANT! eg. 26, 82, 33
1. Ordinal numbers are ADJECTIVES so you have to conjugate based on subject's gender and plurality (see superscript o/a/i/e!) 2. if 1-10, use the special term 3. if 11+, drop the final vowel (except keep for 3 and 6) and add the "-esimo" suffix eg. 26 = ventiseiesimo, 82 = ottantaduesimo, 33 = trentatreesimo
55
What types of words can you modify with descriptive suffixes?
you can add descriptive suffixes to 1. nouns 2. adjectives 3. proper names eg. little brother = fratellino, bellina = cute
56
How do you form the descriptive suffix? * VERY IMPORTANT! Don’t need to form just recognize! eg. little books, long letters
1. drop the final vowel of the base word 2. add the suffix 3. conjugate based on the subject's GENDER AND PLURALITY! eg. librini (little books), letterone (long letters)
57
What're the categories of descriptive suffixes? (3) *VERY IMPORTANT!
1. indicate smallness and affection - ello/a - etto/a - ino/a - uccio/a 2. indicate largeness and importance - *remember lione are large - singular: -one/a - plural: -oni/e 3. indicate insulting connotation - accio/a
58
Primo category of descriptive suffixes How do you indicate smallness and affection? (4) eg. little house
indicate smallness and affection (4) 1. -ello/a - think Ella 2. -etto/a - think cornetto 3. -ino/a 4. - uccio/a - think puccio like a doggy! eg. casette (little house)
59
Secondo category of descriptive suffixes How do you indicate largeness and importance? eg. big books
indicate largeness and importance with: -ONE/A. *remember lione are large 1. singular: -one/a 2. plural: -oni/e eg. libroni (big books)
60
Terzo category of descriptive suffixes How do you indicate insulting connotation? eg. bad weather
indicate insulting connotation with -ACCIO/A eg. il tempaccio (bad weather)
61
Descriptive suffix practice: (just need to recognize) 1. casette 2. libroni 3. parolacce
1. little houses - casa + ette 2. big books - libro + oni 3. swear words - parola + acce
62
Descriptive suffix practice: 1. pigrone 2. letterone 3. giornatacce
1. very lazy (individual) - pigro + one 2. long letters - lettera + one 3. bad days - giornata + acce
63
Descriptive suffix practice: 1. bellino/a 2. caruccio/a
1. cute | 2. very dear
64
Descriptive suffix practice: 3. cattivello/a 4. piccolino/a
3. a bit naught is CATTIVELLO/A | 4. very small is PICCOLINO/A
65
Descriptive suffix practice: 5. minestrone 6. tempaccio
5. thick soup is il MINESTRONE | 6. bad weather is il TEMPACCIO
66
Descriptive suffix practice: 7. febbrone 8. cavallino
7. big fever (febbre) - It’s FEMALE so una febbre grande | 8. baby horse - pony! (cavallo)
67
Descriptive suffix practice: 9. cartaccia 10. bambinetto
9. useless piece of paper (carta) | 10. small baby (bambino)
68
Descriptive suffix practice: 11. la boccuccia 12. la borsetta
11. little mouth | 12. small purse
69
Descriptive suffix practice: 13. il/la chiacchierone/a 14. la manina
13. chatterbox | 14. small hand
70
Descriptive suffix practice: 15. il topolino 16. il nasino
15. little mouse (Mickey!): un topo piccolo | 16. small nose: un naso piccolo
71
How do you form the reflexive verb?
reflexive verb = reflexive pronoun + reflexive verb conjugation conjugate the present-tense reflexive verbs the same as REGULAR -ARE VERBS! alzarsi 1. mi (alz)o 2. ti (alz)i 3. si (alz)a 4. ci (alz)iamo 5. vi (alz)ate 6. si (alz)ano
72
plural of l’ossa (bones)
le ossa
73
plural of l’uovo (eggs)
le uova
74
On exam 4, what’s the answer format for questions like this: - Che cos’è un ragazzaccio? - Che cos’è un omone?
Answer format: Un/uno/un/un’ + noun + piccolo/a, grande, or cattivo/a - Che cos’è un ragazzaccio? Un ragazzo cattivo - Che cos’è un omone? Un uomo grande

ITAL Exam 4 (5 decks)

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