Unit 10 Synovial Fluid

Question 1

What is the viscous fluid found in movable joints?

Answer 1

Synovial fluid

Question 2

Synoviocytes secrete mucopolysaccharides containing hyaluronic acid into the synovial fluid.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Normal synovial fluid is colorless to pale yellow.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What test measures hyaluronate polymerization in synovial fluid?

Answer 4

Mucin clot test

Question 5

The viscosity of synovial fluid comes from albumin.

Answer 5

False

Question 6

What is the term for joint fluid aspiration?

Answer 6

Arthrocentesis

Question 7

Synovial fluid from a healthy joint will clot spontaneously.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

Powdered anticoagulants should be avoided because they may produce artifacts.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Which tube is used for Gram stain and culture?

Answer 9

Sterile heparinized tube

Question 10

What happens to synovial fluid viscosity during arthritis?

Answer 10

Decreases

Question 11

What is the normal volume of synovial fluid?

Answer 11

<3.5 mL

Question 12

In bacterial infections, synovial fluid may have a greenish tinge.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Milky synovial fluid indicates the presence of crystals.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What structure lines the bones in synovial joints?

Answer 14

Articular cartilage

Question 15

What is the main contributor to synovial fluid viscosity?

Answer 15

Hyaluronic acid

Question 16

What color does monosodium urate crystals appear under compensated polarized light when parallel to compensator?

Answer 16

Yellow

Question 17

Calcium pyrophosphate crystals show negative birefringence.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

Cholesterol crystals exhibit strong positive birefringence.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

Hydroxyapatite crystals are birefringent under polarized light.

Answer 19

False

Question 20

Corticosteroid crystals can resemble MSU and CPPD crystals.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What is the normal leukocyte count in synovial fluid?

Answer 21

<200 cells/μL

Question 22

Which type of arthritis involves microbial infection?

Answer 22

Septic arthritis

Question 23

Fat droplets in synovial fluid indicate traumatic injury.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Rice bodies are found in tuberculosis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What is the normal glucose level difference between synovial fluid and blood?

Answer 25

<10 mg/dL lower

Question 26

Increased neutrophils in synovial fluid suggest septic condition.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

LE cells are found in patients with lupus erythematosus.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Reiter cells are macrophages that have ingested neutrophils.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

RA cells contain precipitated rheumatoid factor.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Cartilaginous cells are associated with osteoarthritis.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

What crystals are blunt rods or rhombic shaped?

Answer 31

Calcium pyrophosphate

Question 32

Monosodium urate crystals are needle-shaped.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Glucose test should be performed within 8 hours of fasting.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Septic arthritis shows lactate levels higher than 250 mg/dL.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Gram stain is performed on all synovial fluid specimens.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Which bacterial genus commonly causes synovial infections?

Answer 36

Staphylococcus

Question 37

Normal synovial fluid does not have crystals.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Lactate is elevated in severe inflammatory conditions.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Which organism causes Lyme disease?

Answer 39

Borrelia burgdorferi

Question 40

A solid clot surrounded by clear fluid in mucin clot test indicates good polymerization.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Decreased synovial fluid viscosity affects joint lubrication.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

What anticoagulant is preferred for glucose testing in synovial fluid?

Answer 42

Sodium fluoride

Question 43

Fungal infections can also be detected in synovial fluid analysis.

Answer 43

True

Question 44

Presence of hemosiderin granules suggests hemorrhagic process.

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Normal WBC differential has more neutrophils than monocytes in synovial fluid.

Answer 45

False

Question 46

In crystal examination, birefringent substances appear bright on black background.

Answer 46

True

Question 47

Synovial fluid collected with powdered anticoagulants is ideal for crystal analysis.

Answer 47

False

Question 48

What shape are hydroxyapatite crystals?

Answer 48

Small, needle-shaped

Question 49

Calcium oxalate crystals are seen following renal dialysis.

Answer 49

True

Question 50

Culture of synovial fluid may use chocolate agar for enrichment.

Answer 50

True

Question 51

What serologic test can detect antibodies related to rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 51

Autoantibody detection