Unit 5.2

Question 1

What type of cells in urine appear as non-nucleated biconcave disks?

Answer 1

Red Blood Cells (RBCs)

Question 2

What type of cells in urine are larger than RBCs and contain granulated, multilobed nuclei?

Answer 2

White Blood Cells (WBCs)

Question 3

What type of epithelial cells are the largest in urine sediment?

Answer 3

Squamous epithelial cells

Question 4

What epithelial cells in urine appear spherical, polyhedral, or caudate?

Answer 4

Transitional epithelial cells

Question 5

What type of epithelial cells in urine have eccentric nuclei and may be stained with bilirubin or hemosiderin?

Answer 5

Renal Tubular Epithelial (RTE) cells

Question 6

What abnormal urinary finding consists of highly refractile RTE cells filled with fat droplets?

Answer 6

Oval fat bodies

Question 7

What microorganism in urine is pear-shaped, motile, and flagellated?

Answer 7

Trichomonas

Question 8

What yeast-like structures in urine have buds and/or mycelia?

Answer 8

Yeast

Question 9

What urinary finding consists of single or clumped threads with a low refractive index?

Answer 9

Mucus

Question 10

What bacteria-related finding in urine consists of small spherical and rod-shaped structures?

Answer 10

Bacteria

Question 11

What type of urinary cast appears as colorless with a homogenous matrix?

Answer 11

Hyaline cast

Question 12

What urinary cast appears with coarse and fine granules in a cast matrix?

Answer 12

Granular cast

Question 13

What urinary cast contains fat droplets and oval fat bodies attached to a protein matrix?

Answer 13

Fatty cast

Question 14

What urinary cast is highly refractile, with jagged ends and notches?

Answer 14

Waxy cast

Question 15

What urinary cast is wider than a normal cast matrix and indicates extreme urine stasis?

Answer 15

Broad cast

Question 16

What type of urine crystal is yellowish-brown and appears as rhombic, whetstone, or four-sided plates?

Answer 16

Uric acid

Question 17

What type of urine crystal appears as colorless flat rectangular plates?

Answer 17

Calcium phosphate

Question 18

What type of urine crystal is yellow-brown, thorny-apple shaped, and associated with urea-splitting bacteria?

Answer 18

Ammonium biurate

Question 19

What type of urine crystal has a ‘coffin lid’ or prism-like shape?

Answer 19

Triple phosphate

Question 20

What type of urine crystal appears as colorless dumbbell or envelope-shaped structures?

Answer 20

Calcium oxalate

Question 21

What abnormal urine crystal appears as yellowish-brown clumps of needles?

Answer 21

Bilirubin

Question 22

What abnormal urine crystal consists of eye-like spheres with concentric striations?

Answer 22

Leucine

Question 23

What abnormal urine crystal appears as colorless-to-yellow fine needle-like structures in clumps?

Answer 23

Tyrosine

Question 24

What abnormal urine crystal appears as hexagonal (Piattos-shaped) structures?

Answer 24

Cystine

Question 25

What abnormal urine crystal appears as flat plates resembling broken glass?

Answer 25

Cholesterol

Question 26

What abnormal urine crystal has varied forms, including needles, rhombic, or whetstones?

Answer 26

Sulfonamide

Question 27

What are the sources of error when identifying RBCs in urine?

Answer 27

Yeast cells, oil droplets, air bubbles

Question 28

What are the sources of error when identifying WBCs in urine?

Answer 28

Renal Tubular Epithelial cells

Question 29

What are the sources of error when identifying squamous epithelial cells?

Answer 29

Rarely encountered, folded cells may resemble casts

Question 30

What are the sources of error when identifying transitional epithelial cells?

Answer 30

Spherical forms resemble RTE cells

Question 31

What are the sources of error when identifying RTE cells?

Answer 31

Granular casts, spherical transitional cells

Question 32

What are the sources of error when identifying oval fat bodies?

Answer 32

Confirm with fat stains and polarized microscopy

Question 33

What are the sources of error when identifying bacteria in urine?

Answer 33

Amorphous phosphates, urates

Question 34

What are the sources of error when identifying yeast in urine?

Answer 34

RBC

Question 35

What are the sources of error when identifying mucus in urine?

Answer 35

Hyaline casts

Question 36

What urinary cast is associated with strenuous exercise, glomerulonephritis, and vasculitis?

Answer 36

RBC cast

Question 37

What urinary cast is associated with pyelonephritis and acute interstitial nephritis?

Answer 37

WBC cast

Question 38

What urinary cast is associated with pyelonephritis and has bacteria bound to a protein matrix?

Answer 38

Bacterial cast

Question 39

What urinary cast is associated with renal tubular damage and has RTE cells attached to a protein matrix?

Answer 39

Epithelial cast

Question 40

What is the main component of urinary casts?

Answer 40

Tamm-Horsfall protein

Question 41

What is the most common type of cast found in urine?

Answer 41

Hyaline cast

Question 42

What urinary condition involves excessive urine stasis and leads to broad casts?

Answer 42

Chronic renal failure

Question 43

What abnormal finding in urine has a strawberry cervix association?

Answer 43

Trichomonas

Question 44

What urinary sediment artifact has irregular shapes and thick circular margins?

Answer 44

Air bubbles

Question 45

What urinary sediment artifact appears as thick circular structures resembling cells but with a central depression?

Answer 45

Starch granules

Question 46

What urinary sediment artifact appears as long fibers that may resemble casts?

Answer 46

Plant fibers

Question 47

What urinary artifact may be seen in powdered latex gloves?

Answer 47

Starch granules