Unit 2-3 Intro to Urinalysis

Question 1

What was the beginning of laboratory medicine?

Answer 1

Analyzing urine

Question 2

What is the minimum urine volume required for analysis?

Answer 2

10-12 mL

Question 3

Who wrote a book on “uroscopy” in the 5th Century BC?

Answer 3

Hippocrates

Question 4

Who discovered albuminuria by boiling urine in 1694?

Answer 4

Frederick Dekkers

Question 5

Who introduced urinalysis as part of a doctor’s routine patient examination?

Answer 5

Richard Bright

Question 6

What is the composition of urine?

Answer 6

95% water, 5% solutes

Question 7

What are the organic components of urine?

Answer 7

Urea, Creatinine, Uric Acid

Question 8

What are the inorganic components of urine?

Answer 8

Chloride, Sodium, Potassium, Phosphate, Ammonium, Calcium

Question 9

What are the functional units of the kidney?

Answer 9

Nephrons

Question 10

What are the three steps of urine formation?

Answer 10

Glomerular filtration, Tubular reabsorption, Secretion & Water conservation

Question 11

What are the two major parts of a nephron?

Answer 11

Bowman’s capsule and Renal tubule

Question 12

What is the amount of filtrate produced per minute called?

Answer 12

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Question 13

What keeps the GFR at a stable value?

Answer 13

Renal autoregulation

Question 14

What is the daily urine output in adults for oliguria?

Answer 14

<400 mL/day

Question 15

What is anuria?

Answer 15

Cessation of urine flow

Question 16

What is nocturia?

Answer 16

Increase in nocturnal urine excretion

Question 17

What is polyuria?

Answer 17

> 2.5L/day in adults

Question 18

What is the cause of Diabetes Insipidus?

Answer 18

Decreased ADH

Question 19

What is the cause of Diabetes Mellitus?

Answer 19

Decreased insulin

Question 20

What is the recommended capacity for a urine specimen container?

Answer 20

50 mL

Question 21

What is the minimum urine volume needed for analysis?

Answer 21

12 mL

Question 22

What information must be included on a urine specimen label?

Answer 22

Full name, Date of collection, Time of collection

Question 23

At what temperature should a urine specimen be refrigerated if not tested immediately?

Answer 23

2-8°C

Question 24

What are common urine preservatives?

Answer 24

Boric acid, Formalin, Sodium fluoride

Question 25

What is the most commonly received urine specimen type?

Answer 25

Random specimen

Question 26

What is the ideal screening specimen type?

Answer 26

First morning specimen

Question 27

What is the most common method of urine collection?

Answer 27

Midstream clean-catch specimen

Question 28

How is a catheterized urine specimen collected?

Answer 28

Sterile conditions via catheter

Question 29

What is the most sterile method of urine collection?

Answer 29

Supra-pubic aspiration

Question 30

What process ensures proper urine specimen identification for drug testing?

Answer 30

Chain of custody (COC)

Question 31

What is the acceptable urine temperature range for drug testing?

Answer 31

32.5°C to 37.7°C

Question 32

What specific gravity value indicates an adulterated urine sample?

Answer 32

1

Question 33

What specific gravity value may indicate nephrotic syndrome or dehydration?

Answer 33

>1.035

Question 34

What condition is associated with high specific gravity and glucose in urine?

Answer 34

Diabetes mellitus

Question 35

What condition is associated with low specific gravity and decreased ADH?

Answer 35

Diabetes insipidus

Question 36

What is the normal odor of urine?

Answer 36

Aromatic

Question 37

What urine odor is associated with diabetes mellitus?

Answer 37

Fruity or sweet

Question 38

What urine odor is associated with Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD)?

Answer 38

Maple syrup

Question 39

What urine odor is associated with methionine malabsorption?

Answer 39

Cabbage-like

Question 40

What does red urine indicate?

Answer 40

Hemoglobinuria

Question 41

What does green urine indicate?

Answer 41

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection

Question 42

What does black urine indicate?

Answer 42

Homogentisic acid or Melanin

Question 43

What medication can cause orange-yellow urine?

Answer 43

Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)

Question 44

What color of urine is associated with intact RBCs?

Answer 44

Pink

Question 45

What term describes the ratio of the density of urine to the density of water?

Answer 45

Specific gravity

Question 46

What is the specific gravity of an isosthenuric urine sample?

Answer 46

1.01

Question 47

What pigment is responsible for the yellow color of urine?

Answer 47

Urochrome

Question 48

What clarity term describes urine with many particulates where print is blurred?

Answer 48

Cloudy

Question 49

What clarity term describes urine where print can still be seen through it?

Answer 49

Hazy

Question 50

What are some pathologic causes of urine turbidity?

Answer 50

RBCs, WBCs, Bacteria

Question 51

What are three methods used to measure urine specific gravity?

Answer 51

Urinometer, Refractometer, Reagent Strip

Question 52

What analyte in urine decreases due to volatilization?

Answer 52

Ketones

Question 53

What analyte in urine decreases due to light exposure?

Answer 53

Bilirubin

Question 54

What analyte in urine increases due to bacterial multiplication?

Answer 54

Nitrite

Question 55

What urine output is considered oliguria in children?

Answer 55

<0.5mL/kg/hr