Unit 11

Question 1

albumin/o

Answer 1

albumin, most abundant protein in blood plasma

Question 2

azot/o

Answer 2

nitrogen

Question 3

cyst/o, vesic/o

Answer 3

bladder

Question 4

glomerul/o

Answer 4

glomerulus, part of the nephron, cluster of capillaries that filter blood

Question 5

kal/i

Answer 5

potassium

Question 6

ket/o

Answer 6

ketone bodies, accumulate in blood & excreted in urine when body uses fat for energy instead of glucose

Question 7

lith/o

Answer 7

stone

Question 8

nephr/o, ren/o

Answer 8

kidney

Question 9

noct/o

Answer 9

night

Question 10

peritone/o

Answer 10

peritoneum, serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering abdominal organs

Question 11

pyel/o

Answer 11

renal pelvis

Question 12

ureter/o

Answer 12

ureter

Question 13

urethr/o

Answer 13

urethra

Question 14

urin/o, ur/o

Answer 14

urine

Question 15

acute renal failure

Answer 15

sudden onset loss of kidneys’ ability to filter blood

Question 16

azotemia

Answer 16

excessive nitrogenous waste in blood from kidneys not filtering properly

Question 17

azoturia

Answer 17

excessive nitrogenous waste in urine from metabolizing excess amino acids

Question 18

enuresis, incontinence

Answer 18

inability to control urination

Question 19

epispadias

Answer 19

birth defect in which urethral opening is on upper side of penis instead of end

Question 20

hemodialysis

Answer 20

procedure when a machine removes the waste from the blood when the kidneys are impaired, also called kidney dialysis

Question 21

hypernephroma

Answer 21

cancer of the kidney, also known as renal cell carcinoma

Question 22

hyponatremia

Answer 22

low sodium in the blood, can be caused by excessive sweating coupled with lack of replacement of electrolytes or excessive water intake (dilutes blood)

Question 23

hypospadias

Answer 23

birth defect in which urethral opening is on underside of penis instead of end

Question 24

micturition, micturate, void, voiding

Answer 24

urination

Question 25

nocturnal enuresis

Answer 25

nighttime involuntary urination

Question 26

over active bladder

Answer 26

frequent sudden urge to urinate

Question 27

peritoneal dialysis

Answer 27

a procedure that uses the lining of the abdomen to filter and clean the blood inside of the body when the kidneys are not functioning adequately

Question 28

polycystic kidney disease

Answer 28

disease characterized by formation of many fluid-filled cysts in kidneys

Question 29

stress urinary incontinence

Answer 29

loss of bladder control caused by application of external pressure from exercise, sneezing, laughing, or coughing

Question 30

urinary tract infection

Answer 30

infection of any part of urinary system, usually involving bladder (cystitis) and urethra

Question 31

vesicoureteral reflux

Answer 31

abnormal backward flow of urine from bladder to ureter

Question 32

blood urea nitrogen

Answer 32

blood test detecting excess waste in form of nitrogen and urea, indicates kidneys not functioning properly due to excessive breakdown of amino acids

Question 33

diuretic

Answer 33

dietary or medicinal product that increases urination

Question 34

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

Answer 34

breakdown of kidney stones using sound waves generated outside body

Question 35

intracorporeal lithotripsy

Answer 35

breakdown of kidney stones using device placed inside body

Question 36

intravenous pyelogram

Answer 36

x-ray of urinary tract after contrast administered via IV

Question 37

retrograde pyelogram

Answer 37

x-ray of urinary tract after a contrast administered via catheter through urethra directly into bladder

Question 38

urinalysis

Answer 38

analysis of urine by physical, chemical, and microscopic means

Question 39

urinary catheterization

Answer 39

procedure of inserting flexible tube through urethra to drain bladder

Question 40

voiding cystourethrogram

Answer 40

x-ray of bladder and kidney, bladder filled with liquid contrast, x-ray taken while patient urinates

Question 41

ARF

Answer 41

acute renal failure

Question 42

BUN

Answer 42

blood urea nitrogen

Question 43

ESWL

Answer 43

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

Question 44

HD

Answer 44

hemodialysis

Question 45

I&O

Answer 45

intake and output

Question 46

IVP

Answer 46

intravenous pyelogram

Question 47

OAB

Answer 47

overactive bladder

Question 48

PKD

Answer 48

polycystic kidney disease

Question 49

RP

Answer 49

retrograde pyelogram

Question 50

SUI

Answer 50

stress urinary incontinence

Question 51

UA

Answer 51

urinalysis

Question 52

UTI

Answer 52

urinary tract infection

Question 53

VCUG

Answer 53

voiding cystourethrogram

Question 54

VUR

Answer 54

vesicoureteral reflux