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Medical Terminology > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

-ase

A

Word ending for enzymes, a type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions

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2
Q

-blast

A

Rapidly dividing cell

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3
Q

-cyte

A

Cell

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4
Q
  • elle
  • icle
  • iculum
  • ion
  • ole
  • ule
  • ula
  • ular
  • ulum
A

Diminutive suffix; it makes whatever is in front of it smaller (icicle)

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5
Q
  • gen
  • genic
  • genesis
  • genous
A

Creation of creating; giving rise to

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6
Q

-ic

A

Referring to

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7
Q
  • id
  • ide
  • tide
A

Word ending for many chemicals

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8
Q
  • in
  • ein
  • globulin
A

Word endings commonly used to indicate a protein (-in is sometimes used for general non-protein chemicals)

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9
Q

-ine

A

Word ending commonly used to indicate an amino acid, one of the building blocks of proteins

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10
Q

-ium

A

Tissue or structure

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11
Q

-lysis

A

Breakdown; destruction

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12
Q

-oid

A

Resembling

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13
Q

-ol

A

Word ending commonly used to indicate an alcohol

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14
Q

-olus

A

Smaller

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15
Q

-oma

A

Tumor or swelling

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16
Q

-ose

A

word ending commonly used to indicate a sugar

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17
Q

-osis

A

Process

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18
Q

-ote

A

Type of cell; word ending borrowed from zygote

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19
Q

-penia

A

Deficiency; lack of

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20
Q

-poiesis

A

Process of creation

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21
Q

-some

A

Body

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22
Q

Acid

A

a substance which gives off hydrogen ions

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23
Q

Active

A

Requires energy

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24
Q

Agonist

A

Fighter, champion (Greek agonistes)

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25
Amino
Chemical group containing the element nitrogen
26
Archaea
Greek arkhaios “ancient”, the oldest and most primitive form of living things (compare archeology, archaic)
27
Bio
Life
28
Cancer
A disease characterized by uncontrolled cell division and/or the unusual appearance of cells; literally Greek “crab”
29
Capsid
Latin capsa, “box”
30
Cell
Unit of living things, bounded by a cellular membrane
31
Centr/i | Centr/o
Center
32
Chondr
Granule
33
Chrom/at | Chrom/o
Color
34
Clone
A cell which is an exact genetic copy of its parent cell
35
Deoxyrib/o
A sugar which is similar to ribose but is missing an oxygen
36
Dox
Opinion; belief
37
Electron
Subatomic particle, used in microscopes for visualizing molecular-size objects
38
Feedback
Information in the body used to monitor a state or condition
39
Golgi apparatus Golgi bodies Golgi complex
Three names for the same organelle, discovered by Camilo Golgi, a 19th century Italian anatomist
40
Karyon
Nucleus, from Greek “nut”
41
Lys/o | Lytic
Breakdown; destruction
42
Malignant
Invasive or destructive; literally, “followers of the antichrist”
43
Meion
Lessen; reduce
44
Mito
Thread
45
Myel/o
Marrow, especially bone marrow which makes the body’s defensive cells
46
Necr/o
Death
47
Nucleus
The center of a cell, often bound by another membrane
48
Onc/o
Cancer
49
Organ
Tool; instrument
50
Paradox
Against prevailing opinion; unexpected
51
Passive
Does not require energy
52
Phag/o
Eating
53
Phage
Eating
54
Pin/o
Drinking
55
Plasm
Jelly
56
Ptosis
Drooping
57
Respiration
Literally “breathing”, but used to describe the process of turning oxygen into energy
58
Ret/e
Net
59
Rib/o
A sugar which is the basis for many molecules
60
Soma
Body
61
Stasis
Stopping; holding
62
Transcript
Changing the form without changing the language (ex. Oral to written, or DNA to RNA)
63
Translate
Changing the language (ex. Portuguese to English, or RNA to protein)
64
Transmissibility
The ability of a disease to move from one person to another
65
Ves
Bladder
66
Virulence
The severity of a disease
67
Virus
Latin, “slimy liquid”; “poison”
68
Zym/o
Leavening (the chemical process that makes bubbles in bread and beer)
69
Ant- | Anti-
Against (action)
70
Apo-
Off
71
Endo-
Inside
72
Eu-
Perfect, true
73
Homeo-
Same
74
Leuko-
White
75
Micro-
Small
76
Para-
Against, contrary
77
Pro-
Before; early
78
Sym-
Together (symphony, musicians playing together)
79
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate, the “energy currency” of the cell
80
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
81
H, H+
Hydrogen, hydrogen ion
82
K, K+
Potassium, potassium ion
83
mRNA
Messenger RNA
84
Na, Na+
Sodium, sodium ion
85
RER
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
86
RNA
Ribonucleic acid
87
rRNA
Ribosomal RNA
88
Alpha (α)
First
89
Beta (β)
Second
90
Gamma (γ)
Third
91
Delta (δ)
Fourth
92
Epsilon (ε)
Fifth
93
Apoptosis Prefix meaning: Root meaning: Suffix meaning: Definition:
Prefix meaning: off Root meaning: falling Suffix meaning: — Definition: intentional or programmed cell death
94
Necrosis Prefix meaning: Root meaning: Suffix meaning: Definition:
Prefix meaning: — Root meaning: death Suffix meaning: process Definition: pathological or unintentional cell death
95
Homeostasis Prefix meaning: Root meaning: Suffix meaning: Definition:
Prefix meaning: same Root meaning: holding Suffix meaning: — Definition: a state of equilibrium or balance in the body
96
Nucleic Prefix meaning: Root meaning: Suffix meaning: Definition:
Prefix meaning: — Root meaning: center of the cell Suffix meaning: referring to Definition: nucleic acids (deoxyribonucleic acid ribonucleic acid) are chemicals which were first isolated from the nucleus of living cells
97
Ribonucleic Prefix meaning: Root meaning: Suffix meaning: Definition:
Prefix meaning: ribose sugar Root meaning: center of the cell Suffix meaning: referring to Definition: a chemical used in cells to make proteins
98
Deoxyribonucleic Prefix meaning: Root meaning: Suffix meaning: Definition:
Prefix meaning: ribose sugar with an oxygen removed Root meaning: center of the cell Suffix meaning: referring to Definition: a chemical used in cells to store information
99
Nucleolus Prefix meaning: Root meaning: Suffix meaning: Definition:
Prefix meaning: — Root meaning: center of cell Suffix meaning: smaller Definition: a smaller region within the nucleus which makes RNA
100
Endoplasmic Prefix meaning: Root meaning: Suffix meaning: Definition:
Prefix meaning: inside Root meaning: jelly Suffix meaning: referring to Definition: first word in endoplasmic reticulum, a cell organelle
101
Reticulum Prefix meaning: Root meaning: Suffix meaning: Definition:
Prefix meaning: — Root meaning: net Suffix meaning: smaller Definition: second word in endoplasmic reticulum
102
Vesicle Prefix meaning: Root meaning: Suffix meaning: Definition:
Prefix meaning: — Root meaning: bladder Suffix meaning: smaller Definition: membrane-bound organelle found in cells; often used to export materials from the cell
103
Lysosome Prefix meaning: Root meaning: Suffix meaning: Definition:
Prefix meaning: — Root meaning: breakdown Suffix meaning: body Definition: cellular organelle that breaks down substances
104
Enzyme Prefix meaning: Root meaning: Suffix meaning: Definition:
Prefix meaning: inside Root meaning: leavening Suffix meaning: — Definition: chemical that speeds up chemical reactions; catalyst
105
Organelle Prefix meaning: Root meaning: Suffix meaning: Definition:
Prefix meaning: — Root meaning: organ Suffix meaning: smaller Definition: membrane-found units that perform specific jobs within the cell
106
Mitochondrion Prefix meaning: Root meaning: Suffix meaning: Definition:
Prefix meaning: — Root meaning: thread + granule Suffix meaning: smaller Definition: energy-producing organelle
107
Symbiosis Prefix meaning: Root meaning: Suffix meaning: Definition:
Prefix meaning: together Root meaning: life Suffix meaning: process Definition: organisms living together
108
Centriole Prefix meaning: Root meaning: Suffix meaning: Definition:
Prefix meaning: — Root meaning: center Suffix meaning: smaller Definition: organelle involved in cell division
109
Centrosome Prefix meaning: Root meaning: Suffix meaning: Definition:
Prefix meaning: — Root meaning: center + body Suffix meaning: — Definition: organelle involved in cell division
110
Microtubules Prefix meaning: Root meaning: Suffix meaning: Definition:
Prefix meaning: very small Root meaning: tubes Suffix meaning: smaller Definition: a structural part of the cell skeleton or cytoskeleton
111
Mitosis Prefix meaning: Root meaning: Suffix meaning: Definition:
Prefix meaning: — Root meaning: thread Suffix meaning: process Definition: one type of cell division that preserves genetic information
112
Meiosis Prefix meaning: Root meaning: Suffix meaning: Definition:
Prefix meaning: — Root meaning: reducing Suffix meaning: process Definition: one type of cell division that involves a reduction in the amount of genetic information
113
Bacteriophage Prefix meaning: Root meaning: Suffix meaning: Definition:
Prefix meaning: — Root meaning: bacteria Suffix meaning: eating Definition: virus that lyses (eats) bacteria
114
Leukocyte Prefix meaning: Root meaning: Suffix meaning: Definition:
Prefix meaning: white Root meaning: cell Suffix meaning: — Definition: white blood cell

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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