Unit 7 Flashcards
1
Q
aden/o
A
gland
adenopathy
2
Q
adren/o, adrenal/o
A
adrenal gland
hypoadrenocorticism, adrenalectomy
3
Q
-arche
A
beginning, first occurrence
menarche
4
Q
cortic/o
A
outer surface
adrenocorticotropic hormone
5
Q
crin/o
A
secrete
endocrinologist
6
Q
-emia
A
blood condition
hypoglycemia
7
Q
gluc/o, glucos/o, glyc/o
A
sugar
gluconeogenesis, glucosuria, glycolysis
8
Q
gonad/o
A
gonads
gonadotropin
9
Q
hormon/o
A
hormone, regulatory/messenger chemical
hormonal
10
Q
hyper-
A
excessive, above, increased
hyperthyroidism
11
Q
hypo-
A
insufficient, too little, below, decreased
hypothyroidism
12
Q
hypophys/o
A
pituitary gland
hypophysitis
13
Q
kal/o
A
potassium (from Latin kalium)
hypokalemia
14
Q
ket/o, keton/o
A
ketone body
ketoacidosis, ketonuria
15
Q
natr/o
A
sodium (from Latin natrium)
hyponatremia
16
Q
neo-
A
new
gluconeogenesis
17
Q
pancreat/o
A
pancreas
pancreatitis
18
Q
para-
A
near, beside
parathyroid
19
Q
pituitar/o
A
pituitary gland
panhypopituitarism
20
Q
thel/o
A
nipple
thelarche
21
Q
thym/o
A
thymus
thymoma
22
Q
thyr/o, thyroid/o
A
thyroid
thyrotropic hormone
23
Q
-tropin
A
stimulating hormone
gonadotropin
24
Q
-uria
A
urine condition
polyuria
25
acromegaly
abnormal increase in bone size (not length), due to human growth hormone hypersecretion during adulthood
26
adenopathy
any condition involving glandular tissue
27
amenorrhea
lack of menstrual flow
28
diabetes insipidus
polyuria due to hyposecretion of or resistance to antidiuretic hormone
29
diabetes mellitus
type 1
type 2
metabolic disease, polyuria and hyperglycemia
1. autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells, aka insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus, aka juvenile onset diabetes mellitus
2. body cells develop resistance to insulin, aka noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, aka adult onset diabetes mellitus
30
dysmetabolic syndrome
combination of medical disorders associated with faulty metabolism (type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity)
31
exophthalmos
protrusion of the eyes out of the eye socket
32
galactorrhea
excessive discharge of milk
33
gestational diabetes mellitus
type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed first during pregnancy; usually resolves after delivery; risk factor for type 2 diabetes later in life
34
glucosuria
glucose in urine, usually sign of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
35
goiter
enlargement of the thyroid gland, thyrocele
36
Grave disease
thyrotoxicosis, autoimmune hyperparathyroidism characterized by exophthalmos
37
gynecomastia
development of breast tissue in males
38
Hashimoto thyroiditis
autoimmune condition that attacks thyroid gland; #1 cause of hypothyroidism in US
39
hirsutism
excessive growth of facial and body hair for age and/or gender
40
hyperthyroidism
excessive secretion of thyroid hormone
41
hypoadrenocorticism
insufficient secretion of adrenal cortex hormones, aka Addison disease
42
hypoglycemia
low blood glucose
43
hypokalemia
low blood potassium (kalium)
44
hyponatremia
low blood sodium (natrium)
45
hypophysitis
inflammation of the pituitary
46
hypothyroidism
insufficient secretion of thyroid hormone
47
insulinoma
tumor that secretes insulin (tumor of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas)
48
ketoacidosis
increased blood acidity due to increased blood ketones produced when body is unable to utilize sugar & must burn fat for energy
49
ketonuria
ketones in the urine, usually found along with ketoacidosis
50
myxedema
Advanced hypothyroidism in adults causing edema (swelling) under the skin
51
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
52
panhypopituitarism
insufficient (or no) secretion of all pituitary hormones
53
pituitary dwarfism
abnormally short height caused by hyposecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland
54
pituitary gigantism
abnormally tall height caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland
55
pituitary infarction
death of pituitary gland tissue usually due to hemorrhaging and associated with a pituitary tumor
56
polydipsia
excessive thirst
57
polyphagia
excessive eating
58
polyuria
excessive urination
59
thymoma
tumor of the thymus gland
60
thyroiditis
inflammation of the thyroid gland
61
adrenalectomy
surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands
62
adrenal gland
pair of glands, one on top of each kidney; secrete several hormones
63
adrenocorticotropic hormone
hormone secreted by pituitary gland, stimulates release of hormones from adrenal cortices
64
antidiuretic hormone
hormone secreted by pituitary gland, regulates body fluid levels by decreasing urine formation
65
blood glucose
amount of glucose in blood
66
blood sugar
amount of all sugars in blood
67
continuous glucose monitor
compact device that regularly monitors blood glucose levels
68
continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
continuous insulin injection into blood from pump worn by patient
69
endocrinologist
physician specializing in disorders of the endocrine system
70
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
procedure to examine pancreatic and gall bladder ducts using endoscope passed backward from digestive tract into bile duct
71
estrogen
primary female hormone, secreted by ovaries, responsible for female secondary sex characteristics
72
fasting blood glucose
blood glucose level after 12-hour fast
73
gluconeogenesis
for cellular energy production, creating glucose from fats or proteins when dietary glucose not available
74
glucose tolerance test
measure of body’s ability to metabolize glucose; begin with fasting blood glucose, drink glucose solution, blood glucose at regular intervals
75
glycemic index
ranking of food based on how it affects blood sugar levels
76
glycolysis
first step in metabolizing glucose for energy, “break glucose”
77
gonadotropin
hormone secreted by pituitary gland, stimulates gonads to release their hormones
78
HgA1C
glycated hemoglobin test; indicates average blood glucose level over past 2-3 months
79
hormone replacement therapy
therapeutic administration of hormones to replace low body levels
80
insulin
hormone secreted by pancreas, controls blood glucose level, “pushes” glucose into cells for cellular metabolism (energy production)
81
laparoscopic adrenalectomy
removal of an adrenal gland by means of a laparoscope (an instrument inserted into the abdomen for viewing)
82
menarche
beginning of first menstruation
83
parathyroid gland
two-four small glands adjacent to or embedded in thyroid gland, secrete parathyroid hormone
84
parathyroid hormone
hormone secreted by parathyroid gland, regulates blood calcium level
85
radioactive iodine uptake test
imaging procedure, measures radioactivity level in thyroid after IV or oral radioactive iodine administration
86
testosterone
primary male hormone, secreted by testes, responsible for male secondary sex characteristics
87
thelarche
beginning of breast development
88
thyroid hormone
T3
T4
hormone secreted by thyroid gland, regulates energy metabolism
T3: triiodothyronine, one “version” of thyroid hormone
T4: tetraiodothyronine, aka thyroxine, one “version” of thyroid hormone
89
thyroid stimulating hormone
hormone secreted by pituitary gland, stimulates thyroid to release thyroid hormone
90
ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone
91
ADH
antidiuretic hormone
92
BG
blood glucose
93
BS
blood sugar
94
CGM
continuous glucose monitor
95
CSII
continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
96
DI
diabetes insipidus
97
DM
diabetes mellitus
98
ERCP
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
99
FBS
fasting blood sugar
100
GDM
gestational diabetes mellitus
101
GH
growth hormone
102
GTT
glucose tolerance test
103
HgA1C
test used by diabetes patients to monitor blood sugar levels
104
HRT
hormone replacement therapy
105
PTH
parathyroid hormone
106
RAIU
radioactive iodine uptake test
107
T1
insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1)
108
T2
noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2)
109
T3
triiodothyronine
110
T4
thyroxine (tetraiodothyronine)
111
TFT
thyroid function test
112
TSH
thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotropin)
