Unit 1.1 Lab techniques

Question 1

serial dilution

Answer 1

A serial dilution is the repeated dilution from a stock solution to reduce conc of a substance. used a lot in microbiology

Question 2

colorimeter

Answer 2

measures absorbance and transmission of specific wavelengths of light by a solution

Question 3

absorbance (COLORIMETER)

Answer 3

how much light has been absorbed by the sample

Question 4

transmission (COLORIMETER)

Answer 4

how much light passed through the sample without being absorbed

Question 5

Ways of finding unknown concentration of solution

Answer 5

Standard curve, Titration

Question 6

centrifugation

Answer 6

spins a sample at high speed and separates it according to size and density

Question 7

Two separated parts after centrifugation called

Answer 7

pellet (largest and densest part) and supernatant (liquid)

Question 8

gel electrophoresis

Answer 8

separates based in charge or size. uses current flowing through a buffer to separate proteins. Gel acts as a sieve

Question 9

process. type of gel electrophoresis

Answer 9

SDS page

Question 10

SDS page

Answer 10

proteins denatured and given negative charge so can be separated based on charge as migrate towards positive electrode. small travels further

Question 11

iso electric point charge

Answer 11

neutral charge and forms a precipitate

Question 12

ph below iso electric point charge

Answer 12

positive

Question 13

ph above iso electric point charge

Answer 13

negative

Question 14

process using isoelectric point

Answer 14

isoelectric focussing

Question 15

paper chromatography

Answer 15

dot at bottom of paper and placed in solution, moves up depending on properties

Question 16

thin layer chromatography

Answer 16

use an absorbent material like silica gel and substance will move up depending on properties

Question 17

affinity chromatography

Answer 17

immobilised ligand column, substance goes through and target protein binds to ligand, rest washed away

Question 18

chromatography

Answer 18

separates mixtures of proteins and amino acids

Question 19

mixture is dissolved in liquid in what phase (chromatography)

Answer 19

mobile phase

Question 20

separated in what phase (chromatography)

Answer 20

stationary phase

Question 21

immunoassay

Answer 21

using antibodies to detect prescience and concentration of protein

Question 22

immunoassay is used in what ways medically

Answer 22

detection of HIV, food allergens, and certain drugs

Question 23

antibodies used must use a detectable label eg

Answer 23

reporter enzyme

Question 24

process (types of immunoassay)

Answer 24

ELISA enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting, immunohistochemistry

Question 25

types of ELISA

Answer 25

direct indirect sandwich

Question 26

western blotting and immunohistochemistry

Answer 26

allows proteins to be extracted from a tissue

Question 27

monoclonal antibodies

Answer 27

antibodies created in a lab by exposing animal to antigen and fusing B lymphocytes with myeloma cells and then cultured in HAT

Question 28

Types of microscopy

Answer 28

bright field, fluorescent

Question 29

fluorescence microscopy

Answer 29

absorbs specific wavelength and emits different longer one. emits different colour

Question 30

Haemocytometer calculation order

Answer 30

Count NE, times 2, times 10, times 1000

Question 31

flow cytometry

Answer 31

cells pass through light beam, interrupting it so it can identify it and characteristics

Question 32

Cell culture requires

Answer 32

environmental factors to be controlled, water, salts, amino acids, vitamins, glucose, (animal requires growth factors eg foetal bovine serum)

Question 33

inoculum

Answer 33

cells used to inoculate culture media, contains cells that are released from source tissue using proteolytic enzymes

Question 34

explants

Answer 34

small pieces of tissue

Question 35

aseptic technique

Answer 35

sterile work area, sterile handling, good personal hygiene, sterile media and reagents

Question 36

viable cell count

Answer 36

live cells/ total cells= % viability