Unit 11 Lesson 1: The Presidency of Richard Nixon Flashcards
(45 cards)
Once elected, Nixon was less supportive of the civil rights movement than Johnson had been. He began to pursue what some historians have called a policy of
deliberate neglect
Who did Nixon please with his “New Federalism.”
conservatives
Nixons veiws on NASA
Nixon also agreed with President Kennedy’s commitment to put a man on the moon before the end of the 1970s. Like Johnson before him, Nixon supported significant budget allocations to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to achieve this goal.
What did “New Federalism” do
This program drastically expanded the use of federal “block grants” to states to spend as they wished without strings attached.
Once elected, Nixon was less supportive of the civil rights movement than Johnson had been. In 1969, federal lawyers sided with the state of Mississippi when leaders there sought to slow the pace of school desegregation. Why is that so signnificant
This was the first time in 15 years that the federal government had slowed integration.
Nixon also showed compassion toward Native Americans.
He addressed several of their long-standing grievances. In 1970, he returned sacred lands to the Taos Pueblo of New Mexico. Among other measures, he more than doubled funding to the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
However, Nixon did not entirely ignore civil rights issues.
For example, he expanded affirmative action. This was a program begun during the Johnson administration. It aimed to improve employment and educational opportunities for racial minorities.
What was the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act
. In January 1975, Nixon signed the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act, which returned power to the tribes and affirmed tribal sovereignty.
Nixon had criticized Johnson’s Great Society policies before being elected. However, he built on some Great Society features once in office. Elaborate
In 1969, Nixon signed a bill that eliminated the investment tax credit. He moved two million of the poorest people off the tax rolls altogether. He kept Johnson’s food stamp program but established national eligibility requirements to replace Johnson’s simplified requirements. In addition, Nixon signed into law automatic adjustments for inflation for Social Security payments.
How did New Federalism differ from what Johnson was doing
Johnson had often designated that federal funds given to states should be used on urban areas and disadvantaged populations.
In 1970, approximately 14,000 workers were killed on the job in the United States. How did Nixion respond
To address this crisis, Nixon created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
Nixon sought to manage other problems of the late 1960s and 1970s. How did he address these issues
. He often created new federal agencies to help address these issues.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
OSHA’s mission is to ensure the health and safety of workers in both private and public workplaces.
Impact of the OSHA
Workplace deaths have dropped by more than 60 percent since OSHA’s establishment.
the public was also becoming more concerned about the effects of environmental pollution. What did Nixon do in response
In response, Nixon created the Environmental Agency (EPA). The EPA’s mission is to work for a cleaner, healthier environment for the American people.
Nixon had campaigned in part on a promise of restoring “law and order” to a nation reeling from nightly exposure to violence on the national news. What was one problem de focusd on
the use of illegal drugs.
What was the War on drugs all about
Nixon viewed drug users as criminals. He declared a “war on drugs” aimed at reducing the illegal drug trade in the United States.
In response to the use of illegal drugs what did Nixon create
In 1973, his administration created the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).
How did America reach ression during the mid-1970s
The nation had enjoyed seven years of expansion since 1961. However, inflation was threatening to limit consumers’ purchasing power. This, in turn, would slow economic growth.
Unemplyment rates during the mid 1970s
. Unemployment was 6.2 percent, twice the level under Johnson
How did Nixion respond to the increasing inflation and ression
. After earlier efforts to limit inflation with lower federal spending, Nixon proposed increasing federal spending in the hopes of stimulating the economy. Nevertheless, unemployment and inflation stayed high. This phenomenon became known as “stagflation.”
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stagflation
The term combined the economic conditions of stagnation and inflation.
The situation worsened in October 1973. During this time, what was happening the the Middle East
Israel, a valuable American ally in the Middle East, had won a significant amount of land during the Six-Day War in 1967. Countries on the other side of the conflict that rejected Israel’s right to the land, including Syria and Egypt, demanded that the lands be returned. On October 6, 1973, Egypt and Syria, backed by the Soviets, attacked Israel on the Jewish sacred holiday of Yom Kippur. Israel was unprepared for the attack.
After eighteen days of fighting, the United Nations halted hostilities, and both sides agreed to terms of disengagement. President Nixon himself was focused on other matters, but Secretary of State Henry Kissinger was instrumental in negotiating the cease-fire. What was “shuttle diplomacy,”
. Through what became known as “shuttle diplomacy,” Kissinger traveled back and forth between the leaders involved and conducted the discussions in that manner, working with one side at a time.
