Unit 7 Lesson 2: The Cold War Begins

Question 1

What did Joesph stalin want to do that lead to the start of the cold war

Answer 1

Wanted to…
* Expand Soviet influence
* Protect the Soviet Union from future invasions
planned to accomplish by ..
* Establishing communist, pro-Soviet governments in eastern Europe
* Bringing communist revolutions to Asia and to developing nations around the world

Question 2

How did Truman feel about
concessions made by Franklin Roosevelt at Yalta?

Answer 2

He disliked the concessions made by Franklin Roosevelt at Yalta.

Question 2

At the Potsdam Conference, held from July 17 to August 2, 1945, Truman opposed Stalin’s plans to demand large reparations from Germany. Why?

Answer 2

He feared this might lead to another cycle of German rearmament and aggression similar to what had happened after World War I.

Question 3

What did Truman want to do that lead to the cold war

Answer 3

Wanted to . . .
* Expand U.S. influence
* Combat the influence of the Soviet Union and communism
Planned to accomplish by . . .
* Protecting or installing capitalist, pro-United States governments around the world
* Helping other countries establish or expand free-market economies

Question 4

US and the Soviet Union managed to reach an agreement at Potsdam but how did the countries feel about each other

Answer 4

Leaders of each remained convinced that their own economic and political systems were superior, and the way each nation’s goals diverged shaped U.S. foreign policy for decades to come.

Question 5

As early as March 1946, Winston Churchill recognized the divide of the Cold War. In a speech, he referred to an “Iron Curtain.” Whats the iron curtain

Answer 5

As early as March 1946, Winston Churchill recognized the divide of the Cold War. In a speech, he referred to an “Iron Curtain” that divided Europe into the “free” West and the communist East, which the Soviet Union controlled.The United States and its allies wished to protect capitalism abroad.

Question 6

The United States had a long history of avoiding foreign pacts that might require sending troops abroad. did this change during post-WWII world

Answer 6

However, U.S. leaders were forced to accept the realities of the post–World War II world. Traditional powers, such as Great Britain or France, were no longer strong enough to police the globe. There would have to be a permanent change in U.S. foreign policy, shifting from relative isolation to active engagement.

Question 7

The end of the war left the industrialized nations of Europe and Asia physically devastated and economically weak. What factors lead to the International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Answer 7

With an eye toward stabilizing worldwide currencies, reducing the intensity of postwar balance-of-payment deficits, and stimulating world trade, 44 countries met and established the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 1944.

Question 8

The IMF, together with the World Bank, which was set up in 1946, what was its purpose

Answer 8

The IMF, together with the World Bank, which was set up in 1946, sought to finance the postwar reconstruction of many Western European nations.

Question 9

Still, after years of invasion and battle, Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and China were ? longer international leaders

Answer 9

Still, after years of invasion and battle, Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and China were no longer international leaders.

Question 10

Who were the only superpowers now

Answer 10

This left the United States and the Soviet Union as the strongest nations on Earth, and these superpowers were soon facing off in a struggle for dominance. With such contrasting visions, one nation needed to rise as superior in strength to command its will.

Question 11

In February 1946, State Department official George Kennan sent an eight-thousand-word message to Washington, D.C. That extensive message became known as the “Long Telegram.” What did he write in this telegram

Answer 11

Kennan advised that the United States limit the Soviet Union’s political expansion into new areas. This strategy, known as containment

Question 12

American policymakers extended their strategy of containment as they saw communist governments coming into power around the world. After World War II, communist factions arose in Greece and Turkey. What did America do about that

Answer 12

In response, the United States announced the Truman Doctrine.

Question 13

What was the Truman Doctrine

Answer 13

The nation offered support to Greece and Turkey in the form of financial assistance, weaponry, and troops to help train their militaries and bolster their governments against communism. Eventually, the program was expanded to include any state trying to withstand a communist takeover.

Question 14

Domino theory

Answer 14

President Dwight D. Eisenhower, whose administration followed Truman’s in 1953, assumed that neighbors of communist nations could also fall to the same ideology. He feared entire regions would soon be controlled by the Soviet Union, with nations falling like dominoes toppling. This premise was known as the domino theory.

Question 15

Containing Soviet expansion made the ability to mount a strong military offense and defense a necessity. What was the National Securtiy Act. What other acts did it make

Answer 15

n pursuit of this goal, the U.S. military was reorganized under the National Security Act of 1947. This act created the National Security Council and established the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

Question 16

Roles of the national Security Council and established the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

Answer 16

These two groups would conduct undercover intelligence operations in foreign nations.

Question 17

What was the Department of Defense

Answer 17

Legislation also created the Department of the Air Force, which was combined with the Departments of the Army and Navy in 1949 to form one Department of Defense.

Question 18

Eisenhower continued to bolster the Department of Defense through his New Look strategy, starting early in his presidency in 1953. What was New Look

Answer 18

New Look emphasized the attainment and potential use of the atomic bomb and other nuclear weapons.

Question 19

. By the end of Eisenhower’s second term in office, a second strategy arose what is it called

Answer 19

, known as flexible response

Question 20

flexible response

Answer 20

offered alternative ways to fight the Cold War.

Question 21

What lead ITaly and france to start leading to the communist side

Answer 21

The war had destroyed much of western Europe’s infrastructure. The rebuilding of factories, public transportation systems, and power stations progressed slowly. Starvation was a real possibility for many. As a result of these conditions, communism was making significant inroads in both Italy and France.

Question 21

Impact of the Marshall Plan in US

Answer 21

The plan also required that the bulk of the money had to be spent on American goods. This boosted the postwar economy of the United States as well as the American cultural presence in Europe.

Question 21

How did Pesident Truman and Secretary of State George C. Marshall respond to communist thoguhts in Italy and France

Answer 21

hese concerns led President Truman, along with Secretary of State George C. Marshall, to propose to Congress the European Recovery Program, popularly known as the Marshall Plan

Question 22

What did the Marshal plan do

Answer 22

Between 1948 and 1951, this program gave $13 billion in economic aid to European nations.

Question 23

By 1946, the American economy was growing significantly. What was Europes econmy like

Answer 23

. At the same time, the economic situation in Europe was disastrous.

Question 24

How did Stalin see the Marshall plna

Answer 24

Stalin viewed the program as a form of bribery. He refused to accept aid through the Marshall Plan, even though he could have done so. He forbade the Soviet-controlled communist states in Eastern Europe to accept U.S. funds as well. The nations that accepted aid under the Marshall Plan began to experience an economic recovery.

Question 25

United NAtiosn

Answer 25

As World War II was coming to an end, the United States and countries around the world, including the Soviet Union, established the United Nations. The United Nations was designed to operate as an international peacekeeping organization.

Question 26

Soviet leaders feared a uniting of western zones of Germany under a democratic, pro-capitalist government. What did they do in repsose to this

Answer 26

Stalin dreaded the possibility of a unified West Berlin, so in June 1948 he ordered all land and water routes to the western zones of the city to be cut off. Berlin Blockade

Question 27

What were the goals of the Berlin Blockade

Answer 27

The Berlin Blockade was an attempt to starve the western parts of the city into submission, but it was also a test of the emerging U.S. policy of containment.

Question 28

What did United States, Great Britain, and France do in repsonse to the Berlin Blockade

Answer 28

Unwilling to abandon Berlin, the United States, Great Britain, and France delivered needed supplies to West Berlin by air.

Question 29

In April 1949, the three countries joined Canada and eight Western European nations to form the

Answer 29

**North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)**

Question 30

What did members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) do

Answer 30

The members of this alliance pledged mutual defense in the event of attack.

Question 31

Whend id the Berlin lbocakde end

Answer 31

On May 12, 1949, one year and approximately two million tons of supplies later, the blockade ended with the Soviets in defeat.

Question 32

In 1955, the Soviet Union formed its own collective defense agreement among Soviet-bloc nations, known as the

Answer 32

Warsaw Pact

Question 33

What kind fo counries did US support

Answer 33

The United States backed the colonial governments of colonized countries like South Africa

Question 34

What countires did the Soveit Union

Answer 34

the Soviet Union gave arms to anti-colonial regimes fighting for independence in Angola and Mozambique.

Question 35

What did nations did the Soveits and Americnas both fights for

Answer 35

he Middle East and Latin America were prized regions for both nations. Those areas held important oil reserves crucial to both the United States as well as the Soviet Union