Unit 1.3 Flashcards
(41 cards)
What are elements made out of?
atoms
Can elements be broken down into a difference substance?
No
What are the four elements that make up 96% of living matter?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen.
What are the four elements that make up the 4% of all living matter?
Phosphorus, Sulfur, Calcium, and Potassium.
What are the three subatomic particles?
Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons.
What are the characteristics of Protons?
Positive charge and is the decider of what element. (atomic number)
What are the characteristics of Neutrons?
Negative, Protons plus the Neutrons equal the atomic mass.
What are Isotopes?
They are atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons.
What is an unstable Isotope.
Carbon 14.
What is a Radioactive Isotope?
It is an atom with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. (when shedding the excess neutrons, it produces radioactive decay.)
What are Electrons?
A negative charged subatomical molecule found in the outer shells.
What do rows contain on the Periodic Table?
Same row means same number of shells.
What is the Valence Electrons?
The outer most shell, the electrons in this outershell is avaible for loss, gain, or sharing.
What does the Column seperate on the perioudic table?
Same row makes makes for the same valence electrons and similar chemical.
What is the Octet Rule?
Atoms can either share, gain or lose electrons.
What are the three types of chemical bond?
Ionic, Covalent, and Hydrogen.
What is a Ionic Bond?
Forms when 1 atom gives up electrons and another recieves it. Creates a positive or negative chnage to the atoms.
What do atoms with ionic bonds do with valence electrons?
Give away.
What do atoms with covalent bonds do with their valence electrons?
Share valence electrons.
What type of bonds are all salts?
Ionic.
What are ions?
Atoms with charge.
What are cations?
Positive ions.
What are negative ions?
Anions.
What are the important cations?
Na+, K+, H+, Ca2+, and Mg2+.
